Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy.
First, after a devastating fire, forests are choked with dead trees. If the trees are not removed, they will take years to decompose; in the meantime, no new trees can grow in the cramped spaces. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees and makes room for fresh growth immediately, which i s likely to help forest areas recover from the disaster.
Also, dead trees do more than just take up space. Decaying wood is a highly suitable habitat for insects such as the spruce bark beetle, which in large numbers can damage live, healthy spruce trees. So by removing rotting wood, salvage logging helps minimize the dangers of insect infestation, thus contributing to the health of the forest.
Third and last, salvage logging has economic benefits. Many industries depend upon the forests for their production, and because of this a fire can have a very harmful effect on the economy. Often, however, the trees that have been damaged by natural disasters still can provide much wood that is usable by industries. Furthermore, salvage logging requires more workers than traditional logging operations do, and so it helps create additional jobs for local residents.
The article and reading both deal with salvage logging. While the author of the reading thinks that there are three possible explanations for the positive impact of salvage logging on damaged forests and the economy. The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author. In his opinion, these reasons do not hold water. He is of the belief that this way of dealing with fired forests is good but, it has long term-environmental problems.
To begin with, the author claims that dead trees if not removed will negatively affect new trees' growth. The article mentions that clearing away the fired trees will provide a suitable environment for recovering the affected areas. This specific argument is challenged by the speaker. He states that cleaning up the forests after a fire does not help new trees grow, on the contrary, the removal of dead trees can result some soil problems.
Secondly, the writer argues that decaying wood is a great environment for insects which will increase insects population like the spruce bark beetle it can destroy the trees. the lecturer, however, rebuts this by mentioning that the spruce bark beetles have lived in Alaskan forest for hundred years without any clear damage on the forest. He elaborates on this by bringing up the point that some of this insects are important in long-run for forests.
Finally, the author asserts that there are an economical benefit return from salvage logging, he mentions that the damaged trees can be use in some industries. Moreover, in the article it is stated that salvage logging provides jobs for local people. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that the salvage logging processes are very expensive. He notes that salvage logging jobs are temporary and it need workers with experience not local workers.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-09-15 | amrelmeligy | 60 | view |
| 2022-06-30 | Hello GRE | 85 | view |
| 2020-11-07 | Nesreen | 76 | view |
| 2020-09-27 | sajib | 81 | view |
| 2020-07-10 | NazaninLing | 78 | view |
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 405, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...g with fired forests is good but, it has long term-environmental problems. To ...
^^
Line 6, column 176, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...e bark beetle it can destroy the trees. the lecturer, however, rebuts this by menti...
^^^
Line 6, column 287, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a hundred'.
Suggestion: a hundred
...eetles have lived in Alaskan forest for hundred years without any clear damage on the f...
^^^^^^^
Line 6, column 401, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...s by bringing up the point that some of this insects are important in long-run for f...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, while, in contrast, on the contrary, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1506.0 1373.03311258 110% => OK
No of words: 295.0 270.72406181 109% => OK
Chars per words: 5.10508474576 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.14434120667 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.52082165143 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 163.0 145.348785872 112% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.552542372881 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 456.3 419.366225166 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 42.1305634308 49.2860985944 85% => OK
Chars per sentence: 94.125 110.228320801 85% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.4375 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.8125 7.06452816374 96% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.284234963625 0.272083759551 104% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0868131072123 0.0996497079465 87% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0607106145653 0.0662205650399 92% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.164029968616 0.162205337803 101% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0570279359799 0.0443174109184 129% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 13.3589403974 89% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.36 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.97 8.42419426049 106% => OK
difficult_words: 83.0 63.6247240618 130% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.