Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy.
First, after a devastating fire, forests are choked with dead trees. If the trees are not removed, they will take years to decompose; in the meantime, no new trees can grow in the cramped spaces. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees and makes room for fresh growth immediately, which is likely to help forest areas recover from the disaster.
Also, dead trees do more than just take up space. Decaying wood is a highly suitable habitat for insects such as the spruce bark beetle, which in large numbers can damage live, healthy spruce trees. So by removing rotting wood, salvage logging helps minimize the dangers of insect infestation, thus contributing to the health of the forest.
Third and last, salvage logging has economic benefits. Many industries depend upon the forests for their production, and because of this a fire can have a very harmful effect on the economy. Often, however, the trees that have been damaged by natural disasters still can provide much wood that is usable by industries. Furthermore, salvage logging requires more workers than traditional logging operations do, and so it helps create additional jobs for local residents.
Both, the lecture and the reading, talk about a way to manage forests disasters named salvage logging. While the text's author claims that it is quite advantageous, not only for the forest, but also for the economy, the lecturer has a counter opinion. The professor refutes each reason presented, casting doubts in the author's beliefs.
Firstly, the reading points out that fires leave the forest crowded of dead trees, which will take years to give room for the new population growing. however, if they are removed, shoots could grow immediately. Notwithstanding, the professor disproves this idea, stating that the result of that action will be the loss of the nutrients resulting of the trees remain’s decomposition, which are essential for the new tree generations' development .
Secondly, the reading argues that dead trees are a special habitat for many insects, like the spruce bark beetle, which could cause serious issues. Nonetheless, the orator mentions that those insects have lived in the Alaskan forest for many years, and they have not caused any problem. moreover, that conditions are suitable for others animals development like birds as well.
Finally, the reading remarks that salvage logging could bring broad economical benefits. however, the lecturer remarks the weakness of this point, saying that actually the economic advantages are limited and they are not lasting. moreover, equipments are needed to carry out those works have elevated cost of maintenance and operation. In addition, those jobs are temporary and they are offered to more qualified workers than the local which lack of experience.
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- TOEFL T P O 16 - Integrated Writing Task 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 151, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...ve room for the new population growing. however, if they are removed, shoots could grow...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 322, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...esult of that action will be the loss of the nutrients resulting of the trees rem...
^^
Line 5, column 450, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...for the new tree generations development . Secondly, the reading argues that ...
^^
Line 9, column 288, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Moreover
..., and they have not caused any problem. moreover, that conditions are suitable for other...
^^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 69, Rule ID: ECONOMICAL_ECONOMIC[1]
Message: Did you mean 'economic' (=connected with economy)?
Suggestion: economic
... that salvage logging could bring broad economical benefits. however, the lecturer remarks...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 90, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
... could bring broad economical benefits. however, the lecturer remarks the weakness of t...
^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 231, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Moreover
...s are limited and they are not lasting. moreover, equipments are needed to carry out tho...
^^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 463, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...han the local which lack of experience.
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, firstly, however, if, moreover, nonetheless, second, secondly, so, well, while, in addition
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 19.0 30.3222958057 63% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1392.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 256.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.4375 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.66129086648 2.5805825403 103% => OK
Unique words: 161.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.62890625 0.540411800872 116% => OK
syllable_count: 416.7 419.366225166 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 43.6197935636 49.2860985944 89% => OK
Chars per sentence: 107.076923077 110.228320801 97% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.6923076923 21.698381199 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.84615384615 7.06452816374 139% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.142592480593 0.272083759551 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0462460951684 0.0996497079465 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0536504526298 0.0662205650399 81% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0830225483321 0.162205337803 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0363169856309 0.0443174109184 82% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.0 13.3589403974 105% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.27 12.2367328918 117% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.7 8.42419426049 115% => OK
difficult_words: 83.0 63.6247240618 130% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.