阅读材料
Humans have long been fascinated by elephants, the largest land animal in the modern world. Social animals that live in herds, elephants are native to both Africa and Asia. Their large ears, long trunk, and long life span have made elephants one of the most captivating creatures on Earth. Our long-standing interest in elephants has led to several beliefs about surprising elephant behaviors.
Elephants Are Aware of Approaching Death
One of the popular beliefs is that when elephants become old and weak, they know that they are nearing the end of their lives. They demonstrate this by breaking away from their herds and going off alone to certain locations often found near bodies of water—so called “elephant graveyards”—to die alone. The idea that old elephants seem aware that they will die soon is supported by the discovery of many sites containing bones exclusively of elderly elephants.
Representing Objects through Art
Additionally, elephants seem to have artistic ability. Elephants can be taught to hold a paintbrush in their trunk and use it to paint on a canvas. Some elephants have been known to paint drawings that represent recognizable things: flowers, other elephants, even themselves. This talent makes elephants the only animal other than humans to produce art representing the world around them.
Fear of Mice
Finally, it has long been believed that elephants have a fear of mice. In 77 C.E., the Roman philosopher and scientist Pliny the Elder wrote that elephants are more afraid of mice, small mammals that can do elephants no harm, than of the much more dangerous animals with which elephants normally share an environment, such as lions or tigers. In a recent scientific experiment in which a herd of elephants was confronted with several mice, the elephants backed away from the mice and left the area to avoid them.
The passage discusses some beliefs about elephant behaviors. However, the lecturer debunks the misunderstandings using the following reasons.
The first belief of elephant behaviors states that elephants are aware of their demise since they usually break away from their herds and going off alone to certain locations often found near bodies of water to die alone as they grow old and weak. However, the lecturer refutes this by pointing out elephants find themselves difficult chewing grass when they become older. They leave the group just to find soft grass apropos for their teeth, which is usually located near water.
Another belief that elephants seem to have artistic ability is supported by the document that they have been known to paint drawings that represent recognizable things after training. Nonetheless, the concept of sensitive ears is being called out here by the lecturer. Since elephants have sensitive ears, people use this feature to train elephants to repeat certain behaviors. Therefore, elephants don't really know what they are drawing, they just remember certain types of lines.
The lecturer also finds the long belief that elephants have a fear of mice tenuous. She further elaborates on this phenomenon by comparing the elephants in the wild and those in the zoo. Since wild elephants aren't familiar with mice, they hold the fear aginst the mice; yet those in the zoo don't seem to flinch when confronting mice.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2023-07-23 | nusybah | 78 | view |
| 2023-03-01 | rodrian | 65 | view |
| 2023-02-25 | reza_fattahi | 83 | view |
| 2022-12-15 | HSNDEK | 78 | view |
| 2022-11-25 | nikki07hung | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 400, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...certain behaviors. Therefore, elephants dont really know what they are drawing, they...
^^^^
Line 7, column 209, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: aren't
... those in the zoo. Since wild elephants arent familiar with mice, they hold the fear ...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 292, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...r aginst the mice; yet those in the zoo dont seem to flinch when confronting mice. ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, nonetheless, really, so, therefore
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1220.0 1373.03311258 89% => OK
No of words: 232.0 270.72406181 86% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.25862068966 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.90276135726 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4730263032 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 142.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.612068965517 0.540411800872 113% => OK
syllable_count: 368.1 419.366225166 88% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 49.6585563848 49.2860985944 101% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.666666667 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.3333333333 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.0 7.06452816374 71% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.213302059223 0.272083759551 78% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.083748905137 0.0996497079465 84% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.063292916774 0.0662205650399 96% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.12268658979 0.162205337803 76% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0456867892144 0.0443174109184 103% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.0 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.23 12.2367328918 108% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.25 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 54.0 63.6247240618 85% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 88.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.