Humans have long been fascinated by elephants, the largest land animal in the modern world. Social animals that live in herds, elephants are native to both Africa and Asia. Their large ears, long trunk, and long life span have made elephants one of the most captivating creatures on Earth. Our long-standing interest in elephants has led to several beliefs about surprising elephant behaviors. Elephants Are Aware of Approaching Death One of the popular beliefs is that when elephants become old and weak, they know that they are nearing the end of their lives. They demonstrate this by breaking away from their herds and going off alone to certain locations often found near bodies of water--so-called "elephant graveyards"--to die alone. The idea that old elephants seem aware that they will die soon is supported by the discovery of many sites containing bones exclusively of elderly elephants. Representing Objects through Art Additionally, elephants seem to have the artistic ability. Elephants can be taught to hold a paintbrush in their trunk and use it to paint on a canvas. Some elephants have been known to paint drawings that represent recognizable things: flowers, other elephants, even themselves. This talent makes elephants the only animal other than humans to produce art representing the world around them. Fear of Mice Finally, it has long been believed that elephants have a fear of mice. In 77 C.E., the Roman philosopher and scientist Pliny the Elder wrote that elephants are more afraid of mice, small mammals that can do elephants no harm, than of the much more dangerous animals with which elephants normally share an environment, such as lions or tigers. In a recent scientific experiment in which a herd of elephants was confronted with several mice, the elephants backed away from the mice and left the area to avoid them.
Both the article and the lecture are about the fascinating abilities of elephants. The author of the reading suggests that there are three interesting abilities that elephants own. The lecturer, on the other hand, argues that all the beliefs in the passage are based on misunderstandings of elephant's behavior.
To begin with, the author states that old elephants can guess when they will die. According to the passage, many sites near the water contain of elderly elephants' bones exclusively, which means that elderly elephants leave their herds and stay near the water until the death approaches. However, the lecturer notices that elderly elephants leave their herds because they lose their teeth. The lecturer adds that the old elephants start looking for softer vegetations after starting to lose their teeth. The soft vegetations are always available near the water.
Furthermore, the author of the passage states that the elephants have artistic abilities. The article mentions that elephants can draw using brushes. In contrast, the lecturer says that the human trainers train elephants to remember the shapes by touching elephant's ears. According to the lecturer, if the trainer touches the ear of elephant, elephants could remember the shape and draw it using brush.
Finally, the article mentions that elephants are afraid of mice. Whereas the lecturer says that elephants react to the mice because they are not used to them. The professor states that once the elephant become familiar to the mice and become sure that the mice do not pose any threat, elephant will not mind them anymore.
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, furthermore, however, if, look, so, whereas, in contrast, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1359.0 1373.03311258 99% => OK
No of words: 258.0 270.72406181 95% => OK
Chars per words: 5.26744186047 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.00778971557 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.51692486232 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 130.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.503875968992 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 413.1 419.366225166 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.5172977015 49.2860985944 78% => OK
Chars per sentence: 90.6 110.228320801 82% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.2 21.698381199 79% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.6 7.06452816374 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.235299900153 0.272083759551 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0891062018139 0.0996497079465 89% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0365905232542 0.0662205650399 55% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.144947053845 0.162205337803 89% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0304381858021 0.0443174109184 69% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.0 13.3589403974 90% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.99 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.6 8.42419426049 90% => OK
difficult_words: 51.0 63.6247240618 80% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.