Humans have long been fascinated by elephants, the largest land animal in the modern world. Social animals that live in herds, elephants are native to both Africa and Asia. Their large ears, long trunk, and long life span have made elephants one of the most captivating creatures on Earth. Our long-standing interest in elephants has led to several beliefs about surprising elephant behaviors.
Elephants Are Aware of Approaching Death
One of the popular beliefs is that when elephants become old and weak, they know that they are nearing the end of their lives. They demonstrate this by breaking away from their herds and going off alone to certain locations often found near bodies of water—so called “elephant graveyards”—to die alone. The idea that old elephants seem aware that they will die soon is supported by the discovery of many sites containing bones exclusively of elderly elephants.
Representing Objects through Art
Additionally, elephants seem to have artistic ability. Elephants can be taught to hold a paintbrush in their trunk and use it to paint on a canvas. Some elephants have been known to paint drawings that represent recognizable things: flowers, other elephants, even themselves. This talent makes elephants the only animal other than humans to produce art representing the world around them.
Fear of Mice
Finally, it has long been believed that elephants have a fear of mice. In 77 C.E., the Roman philosopher and scientist Pliny the Elder wrote that elephants are more afraid of mice, small mammals that can do elephants no harm, than of the much more dangerous animals with which elephants normally share an environment, such as lions or tigers. In a recent scientific experiment in which a herd of elephants was confronted with several mice, the elephants backed away from the mice and left the area to avoid them.
Both the lecture and the reading passage are about some beliefs about behaviors of elephants. While the author of the article proposes that these beliefs are ture, the lecturer disputes it with the arguments presented in the article.
According to the article, the author asserts that elephants can be aware of approaching death. The author mentions that they will leave the herds alone to a certain position. The lecturer challenges this argument. She aruges that this is because of some practical reasons. When they are old, there will be few teeth left, which means it is hard for them to chew something. As a result, they may come to some places, like some places near water, where there is soft vegetation.
Secondly, the author contends that elephants have artistic ability, which means they can be taught to paint on a canvas. The lecturer, however, contradicts that they are just repeating what they have been taught, and they know nothing about the painting. She presents that their ears are very sensitive, which can be utilized to teach some tricks, such as painting.
Finally, the author says that elephants are afraid of mice and some small mammals, according to the Roman philosopher and scientist Pliny the Elder. The author goes on to say that elephants backed away from the mice and left the position to avoid the mice in an experiment. In contrast, the lecturer puts forth the idea that they may just unfamiliar with mice or other small mammals. It is an instinct behavior that they avoid tiny mammals. She adds that the elephants in a zoo have no fear of mice, because they think mice have no threat.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, however, may, second, secondly, so, while, in contrast, such as, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1353.0 1373.03311258 99% => OK
No of words: 278.0 270.72406181 103% => OK
Chars per words: 4.86690647482 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.08329915638 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.37919934306 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 149.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.535971223022 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 410.4 419.366225166 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 29.743631146 49.2860985944 60% => OK
Chars per sentence: 84.5625 110.228320801 77% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.375 21.698381199 80% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.3125 7.06452816374 75% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 4.45695364238 224% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.101085097715 0.272083759551 37% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0343061467903 0.0996497079465 34% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.03885275222 0.0662205650399 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0586041716669 0.162205337803 36% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0355972501516 0.0443174109184 80% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.2 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.67 12.2367328918 87% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.0 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 62.0 63.6247240618 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, however, may, second, secondly, so, while, in contrast, such as, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1353.0 1373.03311258 99% => OK
No of words: 278.0 270.72406181 103% => OK
Chars per words: 4.86690647482 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.08329915638 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.37919934306 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 149.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.535971223022 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 410.4 419.366225166 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 29.743631146 49.2860985944 60% => OK
Chars per sentence: 84.5625 110.228320801 77% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.375 21.698381199 80% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.3125 7.06452816374 75% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 4.45695364238 224% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.101085097715 0.272083759551 37% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0343061467903 0.0996497079465 34% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.03885275222 0.0662205650399 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0586041716669 0.162205337803 36% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0355972501516 0.0443174109184 80% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.2 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.67 12.2367328918 87% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.0 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 62.0 63.6247240618 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.