Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska's North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
First, the edmontosaur's diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that edmonotsaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.
Finally, edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which is certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winters
The reading and the lecture are both about the migration hypothesis of Edmontosaurus from the North slope to the south. The author of the reading argues that there are some arguments support the migration hypothesis. The lecturer cast doubts on the claims made in the article. She thinks that this hypothesis is not convincing.
First of all, the author claims that the lack of sources during the winter in the North slope galvanized Edmontosaurus migration to the South. This point is challenged by saying that Edmontosaurus do not have to migrate to find food. She states that during the summer, vegetation grew remarkably in the North, however, in the winter Edmontosaurus fed on died vegetation.
Second, the article posits that some findings have revealed that Edmontosaurus lived in herds which helped in the migration process. However, the professor says that living in herds is sometimes to give extra protection from predators. According to the professor, the best example of this case is the rose fold elks which live in herds but do not migrate.
Third, the reading says that Edmontosaurus had the power and strength to travel long distances. The professor opposes this point by explaining that only adult Edmontosaurus was capable to migrate long distances. She argues that junior could not move these distances and might slow the herds, as a result, herds would stay with juniors and do not migrate.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 218, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...ments support the migration hypothesis. The lecturer cast doubts on the claims made...
^^^
Line 13, column 292, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...hese distances and might slow the herds, as a result, herds would stay with junio...
^^
Line 15, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...tay with juniors and do not migrate.
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, second, so, third, as a result, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1202.0 1373.03311258 88% => OK
No of words: 232.0 270.72406181 86% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.18103448276 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.90276135726 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.73751353978 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 121.0 145.348785872 83% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.521551724138 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 353.7 419.366225166 84% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 28.375545768 49.2860985944 58% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 92.4615384615 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.8461538462 21.698381199 82% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.0 7.06452816374 71% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0348695748754 0.272083759551 13% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0138847270276 0.0996497079465 14% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0194517739884 0.0662205650399 29% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0228801825297 0.162205337803 14% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0190837055026 0.0443174109184 43% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 13.3589403974 89% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.47 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.61 8.42419426049 90% => OK
difficult_words: 46.0 63.6247240618 72% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.