Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska’s North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, Arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
First, the edmontosaur’s diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
Second, many edmontosaru skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that edmonotsaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.
Finally, edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaurs had to migrate about 1600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which it certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winters.
The reading passage and lecture have conflicting opinions about whether or not dinosaurs migrated from the North in winter periods to a warmer areas to survive. The article strongly postulates that there are many arguments support that edmontosaur migrated in winter to the south. On the other hand, the listening adamantly delinates that none of the assumption presented are plausible.
First and foremost, according to the author of the excerpt, the winter in south wouldn't fit the edmontosaur's food style. In other words, there coudn't have been plants growing in the winter, which is the main source of food for edmontosaur's. Nonetheless, the lecture offsets these points by declaring that edmontosaur's would have been able to find food in the summer. Also, the summer temperatuer is very warm owing to the fact that the sunshine for 24 days at peak. Meaning that a lot of plants would have grown during the summer. However, in the cold periods, edmontosaur's would have fed on the Nutrition of the dead plant.
On top of this, the professor further points out that even if edmontosaur's would have lived in herds, that doesn't mean they would migrate. Moreover, Living in herds provide extra protection from predators. For example, Rosset elk is a large plant eater that lives in herds and don't migrate. These claims refute the writer implication of how edmontosaur's may have been migrating in cold winter because they were living in herds.
The article lastly asserts that edmontosaur's had the ability to migrate long distances. In other words, these dinosaurs would have been traveling 1,600 kilometers to the south. The speaker in lecture counters these points by insisting that the young edmontosaur's would have been slowing the adult's of the edmontosaur's. which means they would slow the herds. Also, other dinosaurs didn't have the power to travel such a distance. Consequently, north dinosaurs would have stayed and survived in the cold north.
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| 2020-01-02 | Bonjourkmm | 76 | view |
| 2019-10-23 | Seema Modak | 78 | view |
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| 2019-09-28 | p0uya | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 65, Rule ID: WHETHER[7]
Message: Perhaps you can shorten this phrase to just 'whether'. It is correct though if you mean 'regardless of whether'.
Suggestion: whether
...lecture have conflicting opinions about whether or not dinosaurs migrated from the North in wi...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 81, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wouldn't
...hor of the excerpt, the winter in south wouldnt fit the edmontosaurs food style. In oth...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 76, Rule ID: IF_WOULD_HAVE_VBN[1]
Message: Did you mean 'had lived'?
Suggestion: had lived
...er points out that even if edmontosaurs would have lived in herds, that doesnt mean they would m...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 108, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...tosaurs would have lived in herds, that doesnt mean they would migrate. Moreover, Livi...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 278, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...rge plant eater that lives in herds and dont migrate. These claims refute the writer...
^^^^
Line 7, column 320, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Which
...slowing the adults of the edmontosaurs. which means they would slow the herds. Also, ...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 320, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “which” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...slowing the adults of the edmontosaurs. which means they would slow the herds. Also, ...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 381, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...d slow the herds. Also, other dinosaurs didnt have the power to travel such a distanc...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, consequently, first, however, if, lastly, may, moreover, nonetheless, so, as to, for example, in other words, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1641.0 1373.03311258 120% => OK
No of words: 319.0 270.72406181 118% => OK
Chars per words: 5.14420062696 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.22617688928 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62157444829 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 167.0 145.348785872 115% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.523510971787 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 481.5 419.366225166 115% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 2.5761589404 233% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 30.8380633242 49.2860985944 63% => OK
Chars per sentence: 86.3684210526 110.228320801 78% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.7894736842 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.0 7.06452816374 99% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.137038810671 0.272083759551 50% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0499363191116 0.0996497079465 50% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0636121755571 0.0662205650399 96% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0898116560956 0.162205337803 55% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0458465043247 0.0443174109184 103% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.2 13.3589403974 84% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.24 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.94 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 10.7273730684 107% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.