The Little Ice Age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900C.E.. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientists have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth's climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruption could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt, they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. This can decrease the global temperatures. Scientists know of several volcanic eruption that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reason(disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees absorbing carbon dioxide, earth became cooler.
The reading and the lecture are both about causes of the little ice age.The author of the reading feels that there are three possibe causes about it. The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author. He is of the opinion that the causes are not related with the little ice age because these causes are not update.
To begin with, the author argues that cooling is caused by ocean currents which are not stable. The article mentions that glaciers are melted and the Gulf Stream is affected by these cold and fresh water. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He claims this hypothesis is not related by the cooling. Additionally, he says The Gulf Stream is located on the North hemisphere. There is no evidence about the cooling water on the South hemisphere such as New Zealand and South part of African shores.
Secondly, the writer suggests volcanic eruptions send dark clouds into the atmosphere and it blocks the sunlight. In the article, it is said that when the sunlight is blocked by the volcanic dust clouds, the Earth surface is not get enough sunlight from the Sun to increase the temperature. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by mentioning that nobody wrote about the huge clouds which is caused by the volcanic eruptions. He elaborates on this by bringing up the point that if there had been a volcanic eruptions, it could be seen by the human race and it could be recorded.
Finally, the author posits that decreasing the human population lead the decrease of the temperature. Moreover, in the article it is stated that when the population is decreased, the field which was used for the agriculture was no longer used. New trees were grown on the these empty fields. This was caused to reduce the greenhouse gases and the Earth became more cooler In contrast, the lecturer’s position is that the population was increased quickly. He notes that food for to feed the rapidly grown human population was produced by cutting the trees. Furthermore, there were not huge areas that was covered by the forrest trees which absorbed the corbondioxide to cool the Earth.
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- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement At universities and colleges sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support Use specific reasons and examples to support your ans 60
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Successful people try new things and take risks rather than only do what they know how to do well Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 66
- The Little Ice Age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900C E There were unusually harsh winters and glaciers grew larger in many areas Scientists have long wondered what caused 73
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 73, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...both about causes of the little ice age.The author of the reading feels that there ...
^^^
Line 1, column 151, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...here are three possibe causes about it. The lecturer challenges the claims made by ...
^^^
Line 5, column 506, Rule ID: A_PLURAL[2]
Message: Don't use indefinite articles with plural words. Did you mean 'eruption'?
Suggestion: eruption
...point that if there had been a volcanic eruptions, it could be seen by the human race and...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 361, Rule ID: MOST_COMPARATIVE[2]
Message: Use only 'cooler' (without 'more') when you use the comparative.
Suggestion: cooler
...e greenhouse gases and the Earth became more cooler In contrast, the lecturer’s position is...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, furthermore, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, in contrast, such as, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 31.0 10.4613686534 296% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 22.412803532 138% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1749.0 1373.03311258 127% => OK
No of words: 360.0 270.72406181 133% => OK
Chars per words: 4.85833333333 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.35587717469 4.04702891845 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50514131831 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 179.0 145.348785872 123% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.497222222222 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 539.1 419.366225166 129% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 3.25607064018 276% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.0330079706 49.2860985944 77% => OK
Chars per sentence: 92.0526315789 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.9473684211 21.698381199 87% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.63157894737 7.06452816374 80% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.130512315456 0.272083759551 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0369269046498 0.0996497079465 37% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0417324406957 0.0662205650399 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0789165975409 0.162205337803 49% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0480337361847 0.0443174109184 108% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.9 13.3589403974 82% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.91 12.2367328918 89% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.17 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 83.0 63.6247240618 130% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.