The Little Ice Age was a period of unusually cold temperatures in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900 C.E. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientists have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disruption of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth's climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream current. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruptions could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt, they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. This can decrease the global temperatures. Scientists know of several volcanic eruptions that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reasons (disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees and less carbon dioxide, Earth became cooler.
The reading and the lecture hold completely different view towards the reason that caused the Little Ice Age.
First the reading indicate that the cooling may have been caused by the melted galciers. The melted glaciers affected the Gulf Stream and led to change Earth's climate. On the other hands, the lecture disgree it. Because, scientists found that affected Gulf Steam could only cooled down in the Europe and the United States. it didn't explan why the Little Ice Age also happened in other places, for example, South Africa or New Zland.
Secondly,the reading points out thatcolcanic eruption could be another reason, because when volcanoes erupt, they would have lots of dark clouds and smoke, which may cover the sunlight and decrease the temparture on the Earth's surface. However, the lecture disagree this viewpoint. She said that if many volcanic erupted was a routine activities at that time,how would people don't even notice that. If the volcanoes erupted, there would be a colorful sunset or the snow would become gray.
Finally, the reading points out that the decreases of human polution and becuse that human didn't need to use trees for agriculture, the growing forest trees would improve for absorbing greenhouse gas and then cooled down the Earth's temperature. Again,the lecture still stand on the other side. She said that the period of time was not long enough to make the Little Ice Age. Huaman needed more trees for their fuel therefore they may cut down more trees.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 324, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...wn in the Europe and the United States. it didnt explan why the Little Ice Age als...
^^
Line 3, column 327, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...in the Europe and the United States. it didnt explan why the Little Ice Age also happ...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 9, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
..., South Africa or New Zland. Secondly,the reading points out thatcolcanic eruptio...
^^^^
Line 5, column 300, Rule ID: MANY_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun volcanic seems to be countable; consider using: 'many volcanics'.
Suggestion: many volcanics
...sagree this viewpoint. She said that if many volcanic erupted was a routine activities at tha...
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Line 5, column 336, Rule ID: A_PLURAL[2]
Message: Don't use indefinite articles with plural words. Did you mean 'activity'?
Suggestion: activity
... if many volcanic erupted was a routine activities at that time,how would people dont even...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 359, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , how
...ed was a routine activities at that time,how would people dont even notice that. If ...
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Line 5, column 377, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...ctivities at that time,how would people dont even notice that. If the volcanoes erup...
^^^^
Line 7, column 92, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...of human polution and becuse that human didnt need to use trees for agriculture, the ...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 251, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...ooled down the Earths temperature. Again,the lecture still stand on the other side. ...
^^^^
Line 7, column 313, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...nd on the other side. She said that the period of time was not long enough to make the Little ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, still, then, therefore, for example, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 5.04856512141 218% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 18.0 30.3222958057 59% => More preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1251.0 1373.03311258 91% => OK
No of words: 248.0 270.72406181 92% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.04435483871 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.96837696647 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.25491932455 2.5805825403 87% => OK
Unique words: 153.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.616935483871 0.540411800872 114% => OK
syllable_count: 375.3 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 59.5617069834 49.2860985944 121% => OK
Chars per sentence: 89.3571428571 110.228320801 81% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.7142857143 21.698381199 82% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.28571428571 7.06452816374 117% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 10.0 4.19205298013 239% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.107298831655 0.272083759551 39% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0390516298289 0.0996497079465 39% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0517304982661 0.0662205650399 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0711259873025 0.162205337803 44% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0258040389473 0.0443174109184 58% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.2 13.3589403974 84% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.66 12.2367328918 95% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.98 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 55.0 63.6247240618 86% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.