Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility. First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity'a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation. Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances. Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
In the reading passage, the author discusses three kinds of the reasons which shows that the humpback whales use star to migrate, while the lecturer claims that what the reading passage states is not convincing and disputes those reasons presented in the reading passage by several proofs.
Fist, the belief in the reading passage is that humpback whales are to intelligent so that enable them to orienting by stars. By contrast, the speaker views to this issue from an opposite angle. According to the speaker, there is no connection between the intelligent and the ability of the navigation by the stars and gives an example from one sort of the duck which is use stars to migrate and their intelligent are average, so says that this ability, migrate by start, is a thing that animals burn with it and not achievable.
Second, the reading passage states that the humpback whales migrate in the straight lines because they can use the stars. However, the lecturer opposes this claim and says that this kind of the migration may have suggested that they can use earth magnetic field to navigate.
Third, the writer make point that it is observed that humpback whales sometimes floating and looking upward, while the speaker refutes this claim and demonstrates a different idea that humpback whales may want to see the predator or the prey that they want to hunt it and says that these kinds of behavior cannot be a strong evidence to support the idea that the humpback whales are navigating by stars.
In conclusion, the professor clearly identifies the weaknesses in the reading passage and convincingly shows that the central argument of the reading passage, idea that humpback whales use stars to migrate is accurately incorrect.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-28 | Amin1990 | 85 | view |
| 2019-12-19 | jewel | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-26 | shrjhn1234 | 73 | view |
| 2019-11-03 | jinjingcarol | 81 | view |
| 2019-11-01 | Seema Modak | 73 | view |
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
however, if, look, may, second, so, third, while, in conclusion, kind of, sort of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 22.412803532 143% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1454.0 1373.03311258 106% => OK
No of words: 291.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 4.99656357388 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.13022058845 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.48293617954 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 135.0 145.348785872 93% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.463917525773 0.540411800872 86% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 440.1 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 13.0662251656 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 36.0 21.2450331126 169% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 110.387315281 49.2860985944 224% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 181.75 110.228320801 165% => OK
Words per sentence: 36.375 21.698381199 168% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.125 7.06452816374 143% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.200079488323 0.272083759551 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.096081373111 0.0996497079465 96% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0571191800166 0.0662205650399 86% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.118121709336 0.162205337803 73% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0566256909242 0.0443174109184 128% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 20.3 13.3589403974 152% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.4 53.8541721854 81% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 16.2 11.0289183223 147% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.31 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.73 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 16.4 10.498013245 156% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.