Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus' surface, and the planet's atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet's surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
In the given set of materials, the reading passage discusses the harsh and hostile atmosphere on Venus for human life to exist. Based on the arguments of atmospheric pressure, absence of water reservoir, and low sunlight, the author presents three plausible theories to express why living on Venus is severe. However, the speaker refutes the author's ideas mentioning that the stated points aren't convincing.
First, the author mentioned the atmospheric pressure being too high than the earth's atmospheric pressure, which can crush a substance. However, the orator highlights that a station can be built floating above Venus's surface, where the atmospheric pressure is similar to earth.
Secondly, the author details the absence of a water reservoir on the surface of Venus. There is an abundance of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulphuric acid, but low oxygen and water vapor content. Hence human life cant survive. But The speaker points out that a station above Venus's surface can be built where water and oxygen can be formed by conducting a chemical reaction at the station for life to exist.
Finally, the author supports his argument by mentioning a significantly reduced amount of sunlight penetration. Thus, humans will be deprived of solar energy to produce the electricity needed for machines and equipment. However, the speaker highlights the shortcomings of this theory by pointing out the possibility of a station from above the Venus' surface can reflect sunlight, and solar power can produce electricity.
In conclusion, although the reading passage and the speaker discuss the possibility of life on Venus, the writer tries to convince us with three theories why living on Venus is beyond a chance. However, the speaker highlights several valid and relevant points towards the possibility of human existence on Venus, which is the exact opposite of the author's beliefs.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-07-14 | Zmx_6 | 80 | view |
| 2023-07-14 | Zmx_6 | 80 | view |
| 2023-06-25 | YasamanEsml | 65 | view |
| 2023-02-11 | reza_fattahi | 83 | view |
| 2023-02-11 | reza_fattahi | 76 | view |
- Agnostids were a group of marine animals that became extinct about 450 million years ago Agnostid fossils can be found in rocks in many areas around the world From the fossil remains we know that agnostids were primitive arthropods relatives of modern day 3
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than it is for them to learn facts Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 70
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- Jane Austen 1775 1817 is one of the most famous of all English novelists and today her novels are more popular than ever with several recently adapted as Hollywood movies But we do not have many records of what she looked like For a long time the only acc 3
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 338, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... is severe. However, the speaker refutes the authors ideas mentioning that the st...
^^
Line 1, column 392, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: aren't
...ideas mentioning that the stated points arent convincing. First, the author mentio...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 199, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...but low oxygen and water vapor content. Hence human life cant survive. But The speake...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 216, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...d water vapor content. Hence human life cant survive. But The speaker points out tha...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, hence, however, if, second, secondly, so, thus, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 6.0 22.412803532 27% => OK
Preposition: 41.0 30.3222958057 135% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 5.01324503311 259% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1598.0 1373.03311258 116% => OK
No of words: 299.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.34448160535 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1583189471 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.73567146975 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 150.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.501672240803 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 496.8 419.366225166 118% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 5.0 1.51434878587 330% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.0104247282 49.2860985944 93% => OK
Chars per sentence: 114.142857143 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.3571428571 21.698381199 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.85714285714 7.06452816374 83% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.139259406187 0.272083759551 51% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0544324348642 0.0996497079465 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0368224533736 0.0662205650399 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0858790558464 0.162205337803 53% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0137211498959 0.0443174109184 31% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 13.3589403974 108% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 41.7 53.8541721854 77% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.69 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.22 8.42419426049 109% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 63.6247240618 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.