Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common in northwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a century now, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses explain this decline.
One hypothesis is that the yellow cedar decline may be caused by insect parasites, specifically the cedar bark beetle. This beetle is known to attack cedar trees; the beetle larvae eat the wood. There have been recorded instances of sustained beetle attacks overwhelming and killing yellow cedars, so this insect is a good candidate for the cause of the tree's decline.
A second hypothesis attributes the decline to brown bears. Bears sometimes claw at the cedars in order to eat the tree bark, which has a high sugar content. In fact, the cedar bark can contain as much sugar as the wild berries that are a staple of the bears' diet. Although the bears' clawing is unlikely to destroy trees by itself, their aggressive feeding habits may critically weaken enough trees to be responsible for the decline.
The third hypothesis states that gradual changes of climate may be to blame. Over the last hundred years, the patterns of seasonal as well as day-to-day temperatures have changed in northwestern North America. These changes have affected the root systems of the yellow cedar trees: the fine surface roots now start growing in the late winter rather than in the early spring. The change in the timing of root growth may have significant consequences. Growing roots are sensitive and are therefore likely to suffer damage from partial freezing on cold winter nights. This frozen root damage may be capable of undermining the health of the whole tree, eventually killing it.
Last try:02/01/2020 03:59Word Count: 633
The article and the lecture are both about the usage of carved stone balls found in Scotland. The author of the reading believes that there are three possibilities for the usage of these stone balls. however, the lecturer challenges the claims made by the writer.
To begin with, the author argues that these stone balls used as hunting or fighting weapons. The ancients used some hunting weapons such as arrow and the use of them are completely clear, however, there wasn't any evidence of the usage of these balls as a weapon, it's true that some of them have holes but the other one is completely in perfect shape and these holes maybe came from a crack.
secondly, the writer suggests that these stone were used as primitive weighing measurement tools, on opposit the lecturer rebuts this by mentioning that maybe they have the same size but they are totally different in their weights, they made from various type of stone for example sandstone and their density are different.
Finally, the author posits that they might use it as a social marker, but the lecture position is that it can't be true. some of the stone marked very simply but the other one marked complex. moreover, these stones didn't find in the grave and there were not found any bone that indicates they used as a social mark.
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement The rules that societies today expect young people to follow and obey are too strict Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 60
- tpo33 70
- TPO 37 Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Many people nowadays spend too much money on their pets dogs cats or other animals although there are better uses for this money Use specific reasons and example 60
- tpo 29 3
- TOPIC 49 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Face to face communication is better than other types of communication such as letters e mail or telephone calls 60
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 201, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...ies for the usage of these stone balls. however, the lecturer challenges the claims mad...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 204, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wasn't
...em are completely clear, however, there wasnt any evidence of the usage of these ball...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Secondly
...d these holes maybe came from a crack. secondly, the writer suggests that these stone w...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 107, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...er, but the lecture position is that it cant be true. some of the stone marked very ...
^^^^
Line 4, column 120, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Some
...cture position is that it cant be true. some of the stone marked very simply but the...
^^^^
Line 4, column 120, Rule ID: SOME_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'some'.
Suggestion: some
...cture position is that it cant be true. some of the stone marked very simply but the other ...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 191, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Moreover
...imply but the other one marked complex. moreover, these stones didnt find in the grave a...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 214, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
... marked complex. moreover, these stones didnt find in the grave and there were not fo...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, may, moreover, second, secondly, so, for example, such as, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1072.0 1373.03311258 78% => OK
No of words: 228.0 270.72406181 84% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.70175438596 5.08290768461 93% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.88582923847 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.17842536901 2.5805825403 84% => OK
Unique words: 119.0 145.348785872 82% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.521929824561 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 345.6 419.366225166 82% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 91.5092925188 49.2860985944 186% => OK
Chars per sentence: 119.111111111 110.228320801 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.3333333333 21.698381199 117% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.0 7.06452816374 156% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0479983976515 0.272083759551 18% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0189375799744 0.0996497079465 19% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0184074328259 0.0662205650399 28% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0312528803118 0.162205337803 19% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0141239656944 0.0443174109184 32% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.4 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 54.56 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.28 12.2367328918 84% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.2 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 48.0 63.6247240618 75% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.