Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common in northwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a century now, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses explain this decline.
One hypothesis is that the yellow cedar decline may be caused by insect parasites, specifically the cedar bark beetle. This beetle is known to attack cedar trees; the beetle larvae eat the wood. There have been recorded instances of sustained beetle attacks overwhelming and killing yellow cedars, so this insect is a good candidate for the cause of the tree's decline.
A second hypothesis attributes the decline to brown bears. Bears sometimes claw at the cedars in order to eat the tree bark, which has a high sugar content. In fact, the cedar bark can contain as much sugar as the wild berries that are a staple of the bears' diet. Although the bears' clawing is unlikely to destroy trees by itself, their aggressive feeding habits may critically weaken enough trees to be responsible for the decline.
The third hypothesis states that gradual changes of climate may be to blame. Over the last hundred years, the patterns of seasonal as well as day-to-day temperatures have changed in northwestern North America. These changes have affected the root systems of the yellow cedar trees: the fine surface roots now start growing in the late winter rather than in the early spring. The change in the timing of root growth may have significant consequences. Growing roots are sensitive and are therefore likely to suffer damage from partial freezing on cold winter nights. This frozen root damage may be capable of undermining the health of the whole tree, eventually killing it.
The article proposes three explanations to illustrates some reasons for declining of yellow cedar trees in Northwestern of the North America. However, the lecturer challenges these theories and avers that none of those are adequate, also he mentions that it is better to confess that we don't know the real reason of this disappearnce of yellow cedars.
First, the professor states that although the insect parasites could damage the trees, the healthy yellow cedar are resistant to insects because of a poison in its leaves and barks. This hazardous chemical is in a high enough concentration which can kill the parasites. In addition, parasites can only harm the weak and sick trees. In account of this parasites could not be the root cause of this yellow cedar decline. This counter argument clearly rebuts the author first proposal.
Second, the lecturer points out even the bear has some negative effects on the yellow cedar tree, but it is not the main factore in this tree's decrease. The spokesman asserts that this decrease in number of trees has happened not only in the main land of Northwestern of the U.S. but also it has happened in the islands far from the shore, where bears do not leave. If the bear cause this problem for the tree how we can justify trees' decline in islands without bears. Thus, this theory about bears does not hold water.
Third, the lecturer explains that many more trees has died in the lower altitude, where the weather is warmer than the upper hight. He reopudiates the author's idea that climate change and seasonal and diel temperature fluctuation can be the reason for yellow cedar dieing out. He emphasize on this contrast that if the roots of yellow trees are sensitive to cold climate, the trees in the higher altitude should be damaged more than lower hight, but it has not been seen. Consequently, we cannot attribute this decline to the cold temperature, he says
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 288, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...ns that it is better to confess that we dont know the real reason of this disappearn...
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Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...f this disappearnce of yellow cedars. First, the professor states that althoug...
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Line 2, column 353, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
... the weak and sick trees. In account of this parasites could not be the root cause o...
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Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...rly rebuts the author first proposal. Second, the lecturer points out even the...
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Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...eory about bears does not hold water. Third, the lecturer explains that many m...
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Line 4, column 158, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...han the upper hight. He reopudiates the authors idea that climate change and seasonal a...
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Line 4, column 287, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'He' must be used with a third-person verb: 'emphasizes'.
Suggestion: emphasizes
... reason for yellow cedar dieing out. He emphasize on this contrast that if the roots of y...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, consequently, first, however, if, second, so, third, thus, in addition, in fact
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1594.0 1373.03311258 116% => OK
No of words: 327.0 270.72406181 121% => OK
Chars per words: 4.874617737 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.25242769721 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.45058142977 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 176.0 145.348785872 121% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.538226299694 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 482.4 419.366225166 115% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.5784367903 49.2860985944 109% => OK
Chars per sentence: 106.266666667 110.228320801 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.8 21.698381199 100% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.0 7.06452816374 85% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.239826460922 0.272083759551 88% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0834424066806 0.0996497079465 84% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0600334323949 0.0662205650399 91% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.145278679797 0.162205337803 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0389543172711 0.0443174109184 88% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 13.3589403974 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.97 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.11 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.