Question : Summarise the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they case doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.
Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the automobile's main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine, which uses hydrogen to create electricity that, in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them.
One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that it relies on petroleum, either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel. Petroleum is a finite resource; someday, we will run out of oil. The hydrogen needed for fuel-cell engines cannot easily be depleted. Hydrogen can be derived from various plentiful sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes them particularly attractive.
Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solve many of the world's pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oil is carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand, the only byproduct of fuel-cell engines is water.
Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine. This is true for one simple reason: a fuel-cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance.
Recently, there has been a ton of debate as to replacing the automobile's main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. More specifically, in regards to the passages, the writer puts forth the idea of replacing the car's source of energy with the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine which is the most promising alternative so far. In the listening, the lecturer is quick to point out there are some serious flaws in the writer's claims. In fact, the lecturer believes hydrogen is not a suitable choice for that and addresses, in detail, the trouble with each point made in the reading text.
First and foremost, the author of the reading text states that petroleum which normally used for cars is a finite resource and one day it will run out of it. On the other hand, hydrogen is one of the plentiful elements of nature. We can easily find it in water. But the lecturer believes that the processes of decomposition of hydrogen is so hard and need elaborate cooling techniques. If we want to make hydrogen out of the water we need a very low temperature of about -253 degrees celsius. Practically it's not usable and reachable.
Second, in the reading test, the author states that hydrogen is not polluted in comparison with fuel and more environmentally friendly. As everybody knows, environmental issues had become one of the first priorities in our lives. Some professionals, however, stand in firm opposition to this claim. In the listening, the lecturer believes the oil and fuel which is needed for purification processes is much more than the ones that cars producing. So, in this case, although cars produce less pollution, factories would become a problem.
Finally, the author wraps his/her argument by positing that the cost of these fuel-cell engines. Not surprisingly, the lecturer takes issues with this claim by contending that the fuel-cell engine requires components made of platinum which is a very rare and expensive element.
To sum up, obviously, both the writer and lecturer hold conflicting i=views about the fuel-cell engine. It's clear that they will have trouble finding common ground on this issue.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 147, Rule ID: IN_REGARD_TO[1]
Message: Use simply 'regarding' or 'with regard to'.
Suggestion: regarding; with regard to
...l-combustion engine. More specifically, in regards to the passages, the writer puts forth the...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 387, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
... and need elaborate cooling techniques. If we want to make hydrogen out of the wat...
^^
Line 4, column 279, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...h is a very rare and expensive element. To sum up, obviously, both the writer an...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, second, so, as to, in fact, to sum up, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 46.0 30.3222958057 152% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1779.0 1373.03311258 130% => OK
No of words: 352.0 270.72406181 130% => OK
Chars per words: 5.05397727273 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.33147354134 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.88647408298 2.5805825403 112% => OK
Unique words: 189.0 145.348785872 130% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.536931818182 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 552.6 419.366225166 132% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 9.0 2.5761589404 349% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 44.13163387 49.2860985944 90% => OK
Chars per sentence: 93.6315789474 110.228320801 85% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.5263157895 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.73684210526 7.06452816374 67% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.168471080646 0.272083759551 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0466769239909 0.0996497079465 47% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0541359769037 0.0662205650399 82% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0891237353982 0.162205337803 55% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.075752981949 0.0443174109184 171% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.6 13.3589403974 87% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.01 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.39 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 63.6247240618 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.