Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet." The painting was attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.
First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been guilty of such inconsistency.
Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting, these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow—which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.
Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.
For these reasons, the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s
The reading passage is all about doubts in Rembrandt's painting called "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" and mentions three problems with the painting. The professor, on the other hand, explained the recent conclusion of experts about this painting that indeed it is a work of Rembrandt.
First and foremost, the passage begins by asserting the first problem that the details of this portrait are unpredictable which is not a style of Rembrandt's paintings. In response, the professor clarified the doubt by explaining what exactly happened. The luxurious coat women wearing in the portrait does not show consistency in the painting so, when the painting was thoroughly analyzed, it was observed that the pigments used to paint the fur collar were different from the rest of the dress. It must have been drawn on the top of the original painting after a hundred years to make it look more valuable. It resolved the problem because the fur collar was not part of the original painting of Rembrandt.
Secondly, the professor points out elements of light and shadow in the drawing by stating that the error in the painting was due to that dark fur collar because when investigators detached it from the painting, they found a simple light collar cloth. Now it was clear that the face of the lady was illuminated because the light-colored collar reflected light from the bottom. As a result, there was not any shadow. This explanation refutes the second problem in the article about the error made by Rembrandt, who was a master of painting light and shadow.
Lastly, the article insists on a third flaw in the picture that the wood panel of this portrait was composed of several pieces of wood glued together. But, Rembrandt used to paint on a single panel, the professor added. Moreover, the sole purpose of attaching extra panels on the top and sides of the original painting was to make it look huge. In fact, not only Rembrandt used to paint on a single panel but also the material of his other paintings like his self-portrait with hat, was from the same tree which clearly depicted that this piece of art is of Rembrandt's.
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| 2023-08-02 | nusybah | 73 | view |
| 2023-06-06 | YasamanEsml | 73 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 480, Rule ID: RATHER_THEN[2]
Message: Did you mean 'different 'from''? 'Different than' is often considered colloquial style.
Suggestion: from
... to paint the fur collar were different than the rest of the dress. It must have bee...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, if, lastly, look, moreover, second, secondly, so, third, as to, in fact, as a result, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 10.4613686534 172% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 58.0 30.3222958057 191% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1820.0 1373.03311258 133% => OK
No of words: 375.0 270.72406181 139% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.85333333333 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.40055868397 4.04702891845 109% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.65582596485 2.5805825403 103% => OK
Unique words: 189.0 145.348785872 130% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.504 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 542.7 419.366225166 129% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 49.5679169934 49.2860985944 101% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.111111111 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.8333333333 21.698381199 96% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.72222222222 7.06452816374 95% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.258965165722 0.272083759551 95% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0856962518501 0.0996497079465 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0789019267937 0.0662205650399 119% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.182060684304 0.162205337803 112% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0788989046113 0.0443174109184 178% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 68.1 53.8541721854 126% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.85 12.2367328918 89% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.04 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 81.0 63.6247240618 127% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.