Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
The reading passage and the lecture are both about the feasibility of sending humans to Mars. The author of the article discusses some problems that could face a human mission to Mars. The speaker in the lecture, on the other hand, proposes solutions to tackle these issues mentioned in the writing.
First of all, the author believes that a mission to Mars would take a two-year round trip and the space vehicles have no capacity to carry food and water that is enough for two years. However, the lecturer indicates that this problem could be resolved through hydroponics. She further elaborates that hydroponics allow planting crops in liquid water without the need for soil. Consequently, the astronauts would be able not only to grow plants while on their trip, but also recycle unclean water into fresh water vapors, which could be condensed and reused. In addition, they could get rid of carbon dioxide and generate oxygen instead through this process.
Secondly, the writing holds that staying in zero gravity for months would expose spaceship crew to serious health problems. The author explains that the lack of gravity leads to loss of muscle mass and lowers bone density. Nevertheless, the lecturer posits that regular exercise and taking calcium supplements have shown to reduce these adverse effects on astronauts who stayed in space for months.
Lastly, the excerpt contends that radiation in the interplanetary space could be extremely harmful, especially that no shield, such as the Earth's magnetic field, would be available to protect the spaceship. According to the article, installing a shield on the spacecraft against charged particles would make it too heavy. Conversely, the speaker maintain that the sun does not emit dangerous radiation all the time but occasionally. Thus, only small part of the ship could be shielded and instruments could be set up on the craft to determine the level of radiation. Furthermore, Scientists would stay doing their experiments in the unshielded compartment and whenever the devices alert them for a high radiation level, they could confine themselves to the shielded cabinet.
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| 2020-01-20 | f.jafary66@gmail.com | 80 | view |
| 2020-01-18 | naziii | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 186, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...hat could face a human mission to Mars. The speaker in the lecture, on the other ha...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, consequently, conversely, first, furthermore, however, lastly, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, thus, while, in addition, such as, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 5.04856512141 297% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1803.0 1373.03311258 131% => OK
No of words: 344.0 270.72406181 127% => OK
Chars per words: 5.24127906977 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.30665032142 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.63504894903 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 212.0 145.348785872 146% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.616279069767 0.540411800872 114% => OK
syllable_count: 531.0 419.366225166 127% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 41.3634802694 49.2860985944 84% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.6875 110.228320801 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.5 21.698381199 99% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.0 7.06452816374 156% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0626396320398 0.272083759551 23% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0204180826121 0.0996497079465 20% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0241121835149 0.0662205650399 36% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0377857628869 0.162205337803 23% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0189346203547 0.0443174109184 43% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.0 13.3589403974 105% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.11 12.2367328918 107% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.27 8.42419426049 110% => OK
difficult_words: 100.0 63.6247240618 157% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.