The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.
The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters’ resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.
Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.
Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.
the article states that sea otter and other sea mammels were endangered to extinct due to environmental pollution or attacks by predetors, former point carrier more wieght than other, and provides three reasons for support. However, the propfssor explains that not only does the later point carreir more wieght but also refutes each of author's reasons.
first, the reading claims that oil slick and other sources of industrial pollution have substantial pron of sea's pollution. so that, the water sample indicaates this decelration/cliam. nevetheless, the sea mammels especially otter's resistance to life has decreased remakebly. the professor opposes this point by saying that although likelihood of environmental issues for polluting the sea are very low because no one could find any pollution in beach, dead sea mammels may be caused by infection.
second, the article posits that the environmental pollution was affecting other sea mammasls, in general word,the entire ecosystem would be affected instead of single species. just as, the orca , a sort of predatory whale that prefer to hunt much larger prey, have the same effect. In contrast, the professor says whales were disappointed by human hunter, not by orcas. according to the professor, this event affects the orca's diet and they had to change their feed in order to survive themselves.
third, the reading says that otter pollution declined greatly with uneven pattern due to pollution hypothesis.also some scientists claim that there are some ocean currents and other marine factors that created ununiform/ varibaly concentration of sea mmammals. the professor casts doubt on this point by saying that it is better attribute this uneven pattern to populations and locatiion of orcas instead of pollution. again she says that orcas are very large animals and need deep location to living. in contrast, otter can live in shallow or rocky habitat where there are no orcas for predation. this issue cause unvent pattern of sea mammals.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-02 | jewel | 73 | view |
| 2019-12-31 | S M Naimul Mamun | 60 | view |
| 2019-12-06 | Udari | 81 | view |
| 2019-10-23 | alta | 90 | view |
| 2019-10-19 | Sunil Krishna Kumar | 73 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
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the article states that sea otter and other...
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...lso refutes each of authors reasons. first, the reading claims that oil slick and ...
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...ave substantial pron of seas pollution. so that, the water sample indicaates this ...
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...mple indicaates this decelration/cliam. nevetheless, the sea mammels especially otters resi...
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...stance to life has decreased remakebly. the professor opposes this point by saying ...
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... mammels may be caused by infection. second, the article posits that the environmen...
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...ting other sea mammasls, in general word,the entire ecosystem would be affected inst...
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... be affected instead of single species. just as, the orca , a sort of predatory whal...
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...ppointed by human hunter, not by orcas. according to the professor, this event affects th...
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...feed in order to survive themselves. third, the reading says that otter pollution ...
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...varibaly concentration of sea mmammals. the professor casts doubt on this point by ...
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...ocatiion of orcas instead of pollution. again she says that orcas are very large anim...
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...imals and need deep location to living. in contrast, otter can live in shallow or ...
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...where there are no orcas for predation. this issue cause unvent pattern of sea mamma...
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, may, second, so, third, as for, in contrast, in general, sort of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 14.0 5.01324503311 279% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1692.0 1373.03311258 123% => OK
No of words: 316.0 270.72406181 117% => OK
Chars per words: 5.35443037975 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.21620550194 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.75596061123 2.5805825403 107% => OK
Unique words: 195.0 145.348785872 134% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.617088607595 0.540411800872 114% => OK
syllable_count: 511.2 419.366225166 122% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 13.0 8.23620309051 158% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 61.0890061031 49.2860985944 124% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.8 110.228320801 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.0666666667 21.698381199 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.33333333333 7.06452816374 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 15.0 4.19205298013 358% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.177245643626 0.272083759551 65% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0599137998657 0.0996497079465 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0535582129293 0.0662205650399 81% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.10930001383 0.162205337803 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0486138319168 0.0443174109184 110% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 13.3589403974 107% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.75 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.48 8.42419426049 113% => OK
difficult_words: 96.0 63.6247240618 151% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.