The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.
The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters’ resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.
Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.
Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations or pollutants along the coast
Both the reading passage and the lecture talks about the decline in the population of sea otters and the reason associated with it. The former is inclined towards the pollution hypothesis and gives three reasons to bolster it. However, the later talk about the predator hypothesis and opposes all three reasons mentions in the reading passage.
First of all, it is mentioned in the reading passage that the pollution is at its peak in the Alaskan coast because of oil rigs and various chemical pollutants let into water by the industry. Due to the increase of the dumping of pollutants in the water the chemical level is very high that is threatening the otter's population. However, the professor in the lecture contends this theory and mentions that if the otters die because of chemical pollution or the oil rigs then their bodies should be washed up at beaches, but there has been no traces of any bodies found at the beaches and that gives support to the predator hypothesis.
Second of all, the passage mentions the downfall of various sea mammals, this shows a correlation between the decrease of other sea mammals and sea otters and both focuses on the environmental pollution. The passage further mentions that environmental pollution occurs every species and compares it with the predator of whale, that is ocra. On the other hand, the professor in the lecture argues that, even though, ocra hunt whale currently a higher population of whales is being hunted by humans and there is less prey for the ocra to hunt. Due to the following circumstances ocra will be dependent on the sea otters.
Finally, the passage mentions that the spread of the sea otter and the downfall is not uniform. Some sea otters are stable, while some are not and the reasons for this according to the passage is ocean currents and other environmental factors. Nevertheless, like the two suggestions before, the professor in the lecture proclaims that the sea otter are being hunted by ocra and because of the large size of ocra they can't be in places with shallow water. This theory aligns with the fact that the population of sea otter is being decreased in deep waters and there is no effect on the population in the shallow water.
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- TOEFL integrated writing The sea otter
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 311, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'otters'' or 'otter's'?
Suggestion: otters'; otter's
...el is very high that is threatening the otters population. However, the professor in t...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 418, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
... because of the large size of ocra they cant be in places with shallow water. This t...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, nevertheless, second, so, then, while, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 22.0 10.4613686534 210% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 18.0 7.30242825607 246% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 54.0 30.3222958057 178% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1846.0 1373.03311258 134% => OK
No of words: 382.0 270.72406181 141% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.83246073298 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.42095241839 4.04702891845 109% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5401898253 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 168.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.439790575916 0.540411800872 81% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 572.4 419.366225166 136% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 27.0 21.2450331126 127% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 58.2916663628 49.2860985944 118% => OK
Chars per sentence: 131.857142857 110.228320801 120% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.2857142857 21.698381199 126% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.42857142857 7.06452816374 105% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.223621816472 0.272083759551 82% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.09141732685 0.0996497079465 92% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0717229325497 0.0662205650399 108% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.13800853929 0.162205337803 85% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0674294017206 0.0443174109184 152% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.0 13.3589403974 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.53 53.8541721854 98% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.6 11.0289183223 114% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.03 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.28 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 80.0 63.6247240618 126% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 10.498013245 122% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.