The reading claims that Pterosaurs were animals which lived alongside dinosaurs and were winged reptiles. There are some ideas which asserts they use their wings to fly. The author brings up three reasons to assert that they could not fly. However, the lecturer finds all the ideas dubious and refute them all. The professor believes this animal could fly.
First, the reading passage argues that they were probably cold-blooded like modern reptiles. Therefore, their metabolism was slow and then, they could not produce a lot of energy which is needed for fly. On the contrary the lecturer alleges that they had a dense hair for covering their body. It can be an evidence which asserts they did not cold-blooded. Therefore, they could produce energy for flying.
Furthermore, the author brings up the idea holds the view that this animal was as large as a giraffe and then, probably were heavy. The heavy weight, made it hard for them to fly. Conversely, the speaker underlines the fact that although they were large, they were not heavy. They were not solid and were hollow. This hollow body and light weight could made it possible for them to fly.
Finally, the reading asserts that the animals which can fly, are able to take off with some tools. As an example, the birds use their legs to jump and take off. But the Pterosaurs with a heavy body would have needed powerful muscles in their back legs which fossils dismisses the existence of this tools in their body. However, the lecturer says that this animal could run fast. Therefore, however their back legs were weak, other parts of this animal was probably powerful enough to help this animal for takeoff.
- TOEFL TPO 47 - Integrated Writing Task 61
- Do you agree or disagree? It is impossible to always be completely honest with your friends. 66
- genetic modification 73
- Do you agree or disagree? It is impossible to always be completely honest with your friends. 66
- You are helping to select a leader for a student organization or club. Do you agree or disagree that a person’s honesty is the most important thing to consider in deciding whom to vote for? Use reasons and examples to support your position. 73
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 137, Rule ID: HEAVY_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'heavyweight'?
Suggestion: heavyweight
...affe and then, probably were heavy. The heavy weight, made it hard for them to fly. Converse...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 335, Rule ID: LIGHT_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'lightweight'?
Suggestion: lightweight
...d and were hollow. This hollow body and light weight could made it possible for them to fly....
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 354, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'could' requires the base form of the verb: 'make'
Suggestion: make
...This hollow body and light weight could made it possible for them to fly. Finally...
^^^^
Line 7, column 294, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...hich fossils dismisses the existence of this tools in their body. However, the lectu...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, however, so, then, therefore, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 38.0 22.412803532 170% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1391.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 286.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 4.86363636364 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11236361783 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.16389502615 2.5805825403 84% => OK
Unique words: 139.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.486013986014 0.540411800872 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 415.8 419.366225166 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 20.0 13.0662251656 153% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 32.0893673979 49.2860985944 65% => OK
Chars per sentence: 69.55 110.228320801 63% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.3 21.698381199 66% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.55 7.06452816374 64% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 12.0 4.27373068433 281% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.386086764749 0.272083759551 142% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.119125410937 0.0996497079465 120% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0725038869517 0.0662205650399 109% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.234522369822 0.162205337803 145% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0701843659709 0.0443174109184 158% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 8.6 13.3589403974 64% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 65.73 53.8541721854 122% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.32 12.2367328918 84% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 6.98 8.42419426049 83% => OK
difficult_words: 48.0 63.6247240618 75% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 61.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.