TPO 23 - Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common in northwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a century now, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses to explain this decline.
The lecture and the reading are both about the decrease of yellow cedar trees in North America. The author of the reading provides three reasons to explain this decline. However, the lecturer argues those ideas because he believes they are inadequate.
Firstly, it is suggested in the passage that the cedar bark beetles cause the plunge of the tree´s population as this species attacks yellow cedar trees and their larvae eat the wood. Nonetheless, this notion is challenged by the lecturer. His position is that yellow cedar trees are actually more resistant to parasites than other kinds of trees. These trees die of inherent weakness rather than by the cedar bark beetles.
Secondly, the writer contends that bears are to blame for the descent of the trees. The article notes that bears eat the tree bark which contains a high amount of sugar and this in turn critically weakens trees. On the contrary, the lecturer disproves this statement by saying that bears do not live on islands but tree population sinks through out North America. As a result, bears are not the correct cause.
Lastly, the reading mentions that yellow cedar trees die owing to the gradual climate changes. It is stated in the article that climate changes contribute to the later growth of trees´ fine surface roots which in turn makes them vulnerable to damage from partial freezing on cold winter nights. The lecturer, on the other hand, rebuts this suggestion. He puts forth the idea that more trees at higher elevations should be affected by this phenomenon when it is cold. In contrast, there are more trees die at lower, warmer elevations. Therefore, he asserts that climate changes are not the principle reason.
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- TPO 31 - the fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones of Sinosauropteryx fossil are feathers. 70
- TPo 32- Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they 85
- TPO 22 - Ethanol fuel, made from plants such as corn and sugar cane, has been advocated by some people as an alternative to gasoline in the United States. However, many critics argue that ethanol is not a good replacement for gasoline for several reasons. 76
- TPO 27 - The causes of the Little Ice Age 78
- TPO 38 - Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Leadership comes naturally: one cannot learn to be a leader.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 76
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 338, Rule ID: THROUGH_OUT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'throughout'?
Suggestion: throughout
...ve on islands but tree population sinks through out North America. As a result, bears are n...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, first, firstly, however, lastly, nonetheless, second, secondly, so, therefore, in contrast, as a result, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1430.0 1373.03311258 104% => OK
No of words: 285.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.01754385965 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10876417139 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.40527787371 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 158.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.554385964912 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 428.4 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 44.1351337893 49.2860985944 90% => OK
Chars per sentence: 84.1176470588 110.228320801 76% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.7647058824 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.05882352941 7.06452816374 128% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 4.45695364238 224% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.425168879723 0.272083759551 156% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.123383870556 0.0996497079465 124% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0831250165157 0.0662205650399 126% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.241502418017 0.162205337803 149% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0739782895826 0.0443174109184 167% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.6 13.3589403974 79% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.54 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.53 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 68.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.