TPO 25 In 1938 an archaeologist in Iraq acquired a set of clay jars that had been excavated two years earlier by villagers constructing a railroad line. The vessel was about 2,200 years old. Each clay jar contained a copper cylinder surrounding an iron rod. The archaeologist proposed that vessel were ancient electric batteries and even demonstrated that they can produce a small electric current when filled with some liquids. However, it is not likely that the vessels were actually used as electric batteries in ancient times.
The reading and lecture are both about the discovery of vessel clay jars which is believed to be ancient electric batteries and can produce small electrical currents. However, the lecturer casts doubts about the claims made in the article, saying that the arguments are inaccurate compared to facts.
First of all, the author points out that the vessels found was used as a battery and can have metal wires. The article notes that upon excavation there are no evidence of metal wires beside the vessels. The point is challenged by the lecturer. She says that local people has located the vessels and they did not saw any other materials near the jar. Furthermore, she argues that these people are not trained excavators, hence, they would not recognize the materials and easily overlooked it as a result they thrown it away.
Secondly, copper cyclinders from Ruins of Selucia looks the same from the copper cyclinders inside the jar. The article establishes that the purpose of the cyclinders are for holding the scrolls and not for producing electricity. However, the lecturer rebuts this argument. She suggests that copper cyclinder original purpose is to preserve the scroll. In addition, that the copper cyclinder was used for one purpose and can be adapted to one purpose. Moreover, she elaborates on this by mentioning that it was made in iron rod ans clay and produce electricity and first battery was born.
Finally, the author states that ancient people has no devices that needed electricity. The lecturer, on the other hand, posits that the battery emitted mild shock and tingling sensation to the body. Moreover, they used the mild electrical current for healing purposes. She puts forth the idea that by the use of small electrical currents people think that they have invisible power or magical powers.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 209, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ingling sensation to the body. Moreover, they used the mild electrical current fo...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, look, moreover, second, secondly, in addition, as a result, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1525.0 1373.03311258 111% => OK
No of words: 301.0 270.72406181 111% => OK
Chars per words: 5.06644518272 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.16525528304 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.48168532344 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 161.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.53488372093 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 478.8 419.366225166 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 35.5883811373 49.2860985944 72% => OK
Chars per sentence: 89.7058823529 110.228320801 81% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.7058823529 21.698381199 82% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.29411764706 7.06452816374 117% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.348886450227 0.272083759551 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.100658989287 0.0996497079465 101% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0669457203126 0.0662205650399 101% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.191190810964 0.162205337803 118% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0255150787721 0.0443174109184 58% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.3 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.83 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.36 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.