TPO 27 The Little Ice Age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900 C.E. There were unusually harsh winters and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientists have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
The reading and lecture are both about the cause of Little ice age. The author of the reading believes that there are unusually harsh winters in different areas and there are three possible causes of Little Ice age. However, the lecturer casts doubts about the claims made in the article and refutes all the theories presented.
First of all, the author points out that cool environment disrupted ocean currents. The article notes that melted ice brings cold fresh water into the Gulf stream and resulted in the formation of little ice age. The point is challenged by the lecturer. He says that the disruption of ocean currents only affected Europe and North America. Furthermore, he argues that later on the disruption affected also New Zealand and South Africa and that can't explain the phenomenon of little Ice age.
Secondly, the author contends that volcanic eruption maybe the cause of Little ice age. The article establishes that it sends dust and sulfuric gases into the environment which blocks sunlight causing decrease in temperature. However, the lecturer rebuts this argument. He suggests that large volcanic particulate can be easily be visible in the air and can be spotted by people. Moreover, he elaborates on this by citing examples such as seeing colorful sunset and seeing snow changing color into grey instead of white. In addition, there are no reports of this happening and the volcanic eruption probably is not just strong enough to release dust into the atmosphere to decrease the global temperature.
Finally, the author states that humans has contributed to cooling of the environment by forest started growing in the wild and greenhouse gases lowered, thus, the environment becomes cooler. The lecturer on the other hand posits that the people cut back the trees to clear the field. He puts forth the idea that cutting of the trees did not affect the cooling of the environment because humans replaced the trees and the cycle continued.
- TPO 10 The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because 73
- TPO 53- Many countries require cigarette smokers to pay particularly high taxes on their purchases of cigarettes; similar taxes are being considered for unhealthy foods. The policy of imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has a nu 81
- TPO 15 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 70
- TPO 08- Toward the end of his life, the Chevalier de Seingalt (1725-1798) wrote a long memoir recounting his life and adventures. The Chevalier was a somewhat controversial figure, but since he met many famous people, including kings and writers, his memo 76
- TPO-19 - Integrated Writing Task Many consumers ignore commercial advertisements. In response, advertising companies have started using a new tactic, called “buzzing." The advertisers hire people,buzzers,who personally promote (buzz) products to people 83
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 444, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...o New Zealand and South Africa and that cant explain the phenomenon of little Ice ag...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, may, moreover, second, secondly, so, thus, in addition, such as, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 7.30242825607 178% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 5.01324503311 239% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1649.0 1373.03311258 120% => OK
No of words: 325.0 270.72406181 120% => OK
Chars per words: 5.07384615385 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.24591054749 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47669564173 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 174.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.535384615385 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 513.0 419.366225166 122% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 43.2013872647 49.2860985944 88% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.0 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.1176470588 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.76470588235 7.06452816374 124% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.341154056669 0.272083759551 125% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.105917195665 0.0996497079465 106% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0926940008684 0.0662205650399 140% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.192969997303 0.162205337803 119% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0652875360331 0.0443174109184 147% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.0 13.3589403974 90% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.13 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.47 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 80.0 63.6247240618 126% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.