According to the given set of the reading passage, the author draws several hypotheses regarding the "quackers", which heard by Russian submarines during the patrolling the North America and the Arctic Ocean. On the contrary, the lecturer repudiates each of the author's highlighted theories by providing several counter-arguments that are as follows:
First of all, the reading holds the view that the source of these erratic sounds might have produced by the interaction of orca whales, which are dwellers of that area. However, the lecturer finds this reason unconvincing and asserts that the population of these animals are near the surface. On the other hand, Russian submarines are in profound areas of the ocean and as a result, they were not able to hear their sounds.
Secondly, although the lecturer points out that the sounds of massive squids, which are inhabitants of ocean in deep area and forage on large fish, can be another source of these peculiar sounds, the lecturer refutes this reason too by saying that Russian submarines patrolled in 1960 and reported the occurrence of these sound virtually after 2 decades. On the other hand, these animals are living in the same ocean right now. So, the squids cannot be responsible for this phenomenon.
As the last point to emphasize the reading claim, the author designates that it was possible that the origin of these sounds forms from the secret submarines, developed by other countries military technology. Yet again, the lecturer states on the opposite side of this theory and contradicts that the sounds can alter their direction. But, there is no technology yet to fabricate a high-speed submarine to produce altering sounds. In addition, most submarines engines make special sounds, which do not exist in "quackers". Thus, this theory cannot support this claim as well.
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, regarding, second, secondly, so, thus, well, in addition, as a result, first of all, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1570.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 299.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.2508361204 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1583189471 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.92705392113 2.5805825403 113% => OK
Unique words: 168.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.561872909699 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 476.1 419.366225166 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 94.647591975 49.2860985944 192% => OK
Chars per sentence: 130.833333333 110.228320801 119% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.9166666667 21.698381199 115% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.6666666667 7.06452816374 165% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.282642926388 0.272083759551 104% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0962772095599 0.0996497079465 97% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0715331119606 0.0662205650399 108% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.170937531979 0.162205337803 105% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0548762398975 0.0443174109184 124% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.8 13.3589403974 118% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.47 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.89 8.42419426049 106% => OK
difficult_words: 77.0 63.6247240618 121% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 20.0 10.7273730684 186% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.