Both the article and the lecture are about the quackers sound, which is a sound heard by Russian submarines but no one knows its source. The author of the article writes about three possibilities of the sound source and provides three supporting reasons for those suggestions. While in contrary, the professor says there are arguments about these possibilities provided by the author.
First, the author points out that orca whales may be the source of the sound. As it is mentioned Orca whales inhabit the area where the sound usually heard. Also, Orca whales usually make a sound when they call the male Orca similar to the sound heard by the submarine people. The professor challenges this point. She says it is highly unlikely to Orca to be the sound source. Even though it is true that orca inhabits this area, they live near the surface not deep as the submarines go. Also if it was the Orca, it would be detected by the submarine's sonar machine. Most likely orca whales are not the source.
Second, the author contends that the giant squid is the source. As the article notates, the squid is one of the invertebrates so it is hard to be detected by the sonar, it also lives deep in the ocean. The professor rebuts this idea. She mentions that although squid is good candidates to be the source, there is nothing explain why the sound heard only for two decades then suddenly disappeared, while squid still lives at the same area.
Finally, the author suggests that another country's military submarines may be the source of the sound. Those submarine may be not registered so the sonar of the Russian submarine's can't detect them. The professor totally disagrees with this suggestion. She says that the sound heard changes direction very quickly and until now there is no submarine can be move as quickly as the sound changes.
- TPO-32 - Integrated Writing Task Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews 71
- TPO-25 - Integrated Writing Task In 1938 an archaeologist in Iraq acquired a set of clay jars that had been excavated two years earlier by villagers constructing a railroad line. The vessel was about 2,200 years old. Each clay jay contained a copper cylin 73
- TOEFL T P O 4 - Integrated Writing Task 3
- TOEFL TPO 37 integrated writing question 3
- Some people think that success in life comes from taking risks or chances. Others think that success results from careful planning. In your opinion, what does success come from? use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 70
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 79, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “As” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
... whales may be the source of the sound. As it is mentioned Orca whales inhabit the...
^^
Line 2, column 489, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Also,
... surface not deep as the submarines go. Also if it was the Orca, it would be detecte...
^^^^
Line 2, column 542, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'submarines'' or 'submarine's'?
Suggestion: submarines'; submarine's
...s the Orca, it would be detected by the submarines sonar machine. Most likely orca whales ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 181, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
... so the sonar of the Russian submarines cant detect them. The professor totally disa...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, if, may, second, so, still, then, while, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 22.0 10.4613686534 210% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1516.0 1373.03311258 110% => OK
No of words: 319.0 270.72406181 118% => OK
Chars per words: 4.75235109718 5.08290768461 93% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.22617688928 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.42010330175 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 152.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.476489028213 0.540411800872 88% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 472.5 419.366225166 113% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 1.25165562914 399% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 43.1836251925 49.2860985944 88% => OK
Chars per sentence: 79.7894736842 110.228320801 72% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.7894736842 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.10526315789 7.06452816374 58% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.27373068433 234% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.384951315537 0.272083759551 141% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.129431137724 0.0996497079465 130% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0913509642697 0.0662205650399 138% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.236240943631 0.162205337803 146% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0846851990172 0.0443174109184 191% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.3 13.3589403974 70% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 9.97 12.2367328918 81% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.65 8.42419426049 91% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 71.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.