The writer presents reasons why skeptics doubt that the old fossil structures found in Arizona were created by bees. The speaker, on the other hand, prefers to believe that it is possible those fossilized structures were made by bees.
First, while the professor agrees with the statement that no 200-million-year-old fossil remains of actual bees have been discovered, she also notes that this might be due to the lack of proper preservatives at the time. Fossils of bees are usually kept in tree resin, but resin-producing trees were rare around 200 million years ago and did not become more prevalent until later. This doesn't contrast the possibility of bees existing a long time ago without being preserved in nature.
Second, it is true bees and flowering plants have developed a close symbiotic relationship. However, bees might have possibly existed before the first flowering plants appeared on Earth. The early bees could have fed on non-flowering plants, such as ferns and pine trees, and started to change after flowering plants made an appearance. It is likely that their close association with each other was formed and remained stable ever since.
Third, the writer mentions that the fossilized structures lack spiral caps that are present in modern bee nests. The lecturer argues by emphasizing on some chemical evidence found on fossilized remains. There is a special water-proof material on the surface of the fossil chambers that is proved to be the same proofing substance as on modern bee nests. Thus, it is possible these fossilized structures were made by bees and not other insects as claimed in the passage.
- TPO53 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is more important for governments to spend money to improve Internet access than to improve public transportation Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 93
- tpo 60 Summarize the points made in the lecture being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific theories mentioned in the reading passage 3
- TPO 50 Independent Writing Task all university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is 76
- TPO 62 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement After completing high school students should take at least a year off to work or travel before they begin studying at a university Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 83
- TPO 17 Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Most advertisements make products seem much better then they really are Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 73
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 25 in 30
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 13 12
No. of Words: 269 250
No. of Characters: 1337 1200
No. of Different Words: 161 150
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.05 4.2
Average Word Length: 4.97 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.642 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 92 80
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 66 60
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 45 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 29 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 20.692 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 6.473 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.615 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.356 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.6 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.095 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 4