The author of the reading section is adamant that Pterosaurs were incapable of powered flight for three reasons. However, the lecturer is dubious of these reasons.
To begin with, the author cited that doubters believe that Pterosaurs were a cold-blooded animal, and consequently, cannot produce enough energy for the powered flight. Conversely, the lecturer strongly opposes such inference by pointing out that Pterosaurs are found to have a dense hairy covering. This covering is a feature of warm-blooded animals since these animals need it to protect themselves from losing heat. As a result, if Pterosaurs is more like warm-blooded animals, their metabolism is fast enough for powered flight.
Additionally, the author advocates that Pterosaurs were too large and hence too heavy to fly. However, the lecturer rebuts it by elaborating the fact that the anatomical fact shows the bones of Pterosaurs is hollow instead of solid. That leads to a result that Pterosaurs' weight is low despite their large frame.
Eventually, the author contends that the muscles of Pterosaurs is not strong enough for them to jump or run, and therefore they cannot take off. Countering to this statement, the lecturer casts doubts on the take-off method. She points out that despite that Pterosaurs had difficulties in taking off like the bird, who uses two limbs, they are capable to take off by utilizing all of four limbs. If they used all of their four limbs rather than only the back limbs, there is no trouble for them to jump high or run fast enough to fly into the air.
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important to know about events happening around the world, even if it is unlikely that they will affect your daily life. 60
- TPO 54. The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake. The level of salt in the lake's water—what scientists call its salinity—has been increasing steadily for years because the lake's water is evaporating faster than it is be 90
- tpo 47 80
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 88
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important to know about events happening around the world, even if it is unlikely that they will affect your daily life. 76
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, consequently, conversely, hence, however, if, so, therefore, as a result, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1314.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 260.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 5.05384615385 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.01553427287 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64137538137 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 145.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.557692307692 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 397.8 419.366225166 95% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 34.9237546529 49.2860985944 71% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.076923077 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.0 21.698381199 92% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.07692307692 7.06452816374 100% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.432808620382 0.272083759551 159% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.144321581312 0.0996497079465 145% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0800562235147 0.0662205650399 121% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.24051293668 0.162205337803 148% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0797099102499 0.0443174109184 180% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 13.3589403974 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.01 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.85 8.42419426049 93% => OK
difficult_words: 53.0 63.6247240618 83% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.