TPO 47
In this set of materials, the reading passage states that pterosaurs were reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs, and they had a high weight, and they were very large animals, so they had not capable of powered flight. On the other hand, the listening section brings into question the reading points by providing different reasons (and examples).
First, the reading indicates that pterosaurs may cold-blooded; hence, they had a less and slow metabolism, and they could not produce adequate energy for flight. In contrast, the lecturer opposes this view by mentioning that fossils of pterosaurs show that pterosaurs had dense hair covered like fur. Only warm-blooded animals have fur or feathers because they need maintained body temperature in a high degree at harsh and cold climate. If pterosaurs were cold-blooded, they would not need fur. Indeed, they may warm-blooded, and they could produce enough energy for flight.
Furthermore, the reading indicates that pterosaurs were probably had a large and heavy body, so they could not flap their wings fast enough for a long time; conversely, what the lecturer believes is different. She points out that the anatomy of pterosaurs shows that they had lightweight for their size because they had hollow bones instead of solid in their body. These hollows keep their weight low, and their weight was enough light for flight.
Finally, according to the reading, pterosaurs could not take off as the same as other animals like birds, because they had too small back leg muscles, and they could not take off by jumping or running from their legs as the same as birds. However, the professor believes that birds and pterosaurs are very different. Birds only use 2 legs for jumping or running, but pterosaurs used 4 legs for walking. When animals walk on 4 limbs, they push 4 limbs on the ground and they can run fast like bats. So, 4 limbs were enough for jumping and taking off pterosaurs.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, may, so, in contrast, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 5.04856512141 218% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 17.0 7.30242825607 233% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 22.412803532 156% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1659.0 1373.03311258 121% => OK
No of words: 324.0 270.72406181 120% => OK
Chars per words: 5.12037037037 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.24264068712 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5426910504 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 167.0 145.348785872 115% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.515432098765 0.540411800872 95% => OK
syllable_count: 466.2 419.366225166 111% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 7.0 1.51434878587 462% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.2386815595 49.2860985944 116% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.6 110.228320801 100% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.6 21.698381199 100% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.0 7.06452816374 99% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.427121442079 0.272083759551 157% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.15889632579 0.0996497079465 159% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0762923502994 0.0662205650399 115% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.262091453789 0.162205337803 162% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0231687312345 0.0443174109184 52% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.5 13.3589403974 101% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 67.08 53.8541721854 125% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.42 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.6 8.42419426049 90% => OK
difficult_words: 60.0 63.6247240618 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.