The reading passage states that pterosaurs were not able to fly due to three reasons, whereas the professor deems that they were capable of powered flight.
Firstly, the author insists that pterosaurs were cold-blooded animals which usually have a slow metabolism, so they cannot generate adequate energy for flight. The professor, however, argues that recent study found that pterosaurs had dense and hair-like covering the same as birds, which help them to maintain body temperature. And this provide a reliable evidence to demonstrate that pterosaurs were warm-blooded animals. In this way, they are able to supply enough energy fly needed.
Secondly, the reading says that pterosaurs were too heavy to flap wings fast enough to fly. In contrast, the speaker reckons that scholars have found several anatomical features that make them light enough to fly. For instance, the bones of pterosaurs were hollow instead of solid which reduce their weights in spite of their large body frames, which allows them to flap wings fast enough to fly.
Lastly, the reading states that it is impossible for pterosaurs to take off from ground like other birds since their leg muscles were so small and weak. On the contrary, the professor points out that birds only have two limb to enable them take off from ground, while the pterosaurs walk on ground with four limb. Plus, further studies have shown that it is no trouble for pterosaurs to run fast or jump high enough to launch themselves into air.
- TPO-18 - Integrated Writing Task In the 1950s Torreya taxifoha, a type of evergreen tree once very common in the state of Florida, started to die out. No one is sure exactly what caused the decline, but chances are good that if nothing is done, Torreya wi 81
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 221, Rule ID: CD_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun 'limb' seems to be countable, so consider using: 'limbs'.
Suggestion: limbs
...sor points out that birds only have two limb to enable them take off from ground, wh...
^^^^
Line 7, column 309, Rule ID: CD_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun 'limb' seems to be countable, so consider using: 'limbs'.
Suggestion: limbs
...the pterosaurs walk on ground with four limb. Plus, further studies have shown that ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, firstly, however, lastly, second, secondly, so, whereas, while, for instance, in contrast, in spite of, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1252.0 1373.03311258 91% => OK
No of words: 247.0 270.72406181 91% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.06882591093 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.96437052324 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.38322306294 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 144.0 145.348785872 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.582995951417 0.540411800872 108% => OK
syllable_count: 369.0 419.366225166 88% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 36.0953741227 49.2860985944 73% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.818181818 110.228320801 103% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.4545454545 21.698381199 103% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.4545454545 7.06452816374 162% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.505452748765 0.272083759551 186% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.185967746731 0.0996497079465 187% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0824434892276 0.0662205650399 124% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.292372203027 0.162205337803 180% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0313633645311 0.0443174109184 71% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.7 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.42 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.99 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 51.0 63.6247240618 80% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 83 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.