In the lecture, the professor makes a series of points that cast doubt on all the arguments presented in the reading passage against powered flight in Pterosaurs which were big animals reptiles in the past.She states there are some evidences that show they may have powered flight in contrast to the claim of author.
First of all, the lecturer states that there are evidence of hair or fur like in their fossils which is more likely of warm-blood animal. However, the reading claimes reptile are cold blooded animal that can not fly due to not having enough energy. Finding of hair is consistent with being warm blooded animals and having enough energy to fly.
Also, the professor states eventhough these animal were pretty large but they were light in their size. In other words, there are evidences that showes they had hollow bones that made them light enough despite their big size to be able to fly.
Lastly, the speaker clarifies that birds use their hind limbs to walking and running and take off but there are other animals who have four limbs and they use their four limbs to walk fast and take off. Therefore, not having a powerful leg muscles in the hind limbs in this animal is due to sharing the force to four limbs in compare to the birds that have just two limb. In fact, they use all their four limbs for push from the ground. Thus, they were fast enough or jump enough to take off without having back leg muscles.
- TPO-49 - Integrated Writing Task Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: the 73
- Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves.Examples of altruism 78
- Governments should spend more money in sponsoring arts than in athletics (like state Olympics team). 60
- TPO 54. The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake. The level of salt in the lake's water—what scientists call its salinity—has been increasing steadily for years because the lake's water is evaporating faster than it is being repla 70
- TPO-49 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The ability to maintain friendships with a small number of people over a long period of time is more important for happiness than the ability to make many new friends 70
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 207, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: She
...h were big animals reptiles in the past.She states there are some evidences that sh...
^^^
Line 4, column 366, Rule ID: CD_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun 'limb' seems to be countable, so consider using: 'limbs'.
Suggestion: limbs
...compare to the birds that have just two limb. In fact, they use all their four limbs...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, lastly, may, so, therefore, thus, in contrast, in fact, first of all, in contrast to, in other words
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1179.0 1373.03311258 86% => OK
No of words: 257.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.58754863813 5.08290768461 90% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.00390054096 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 1.99141216683 2.5805825403 77% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.52140077821 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 360.0 419.366225166 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 69.6735243834 49.2860985944 141% => OK
Chars per sentence: 117.9 110.228320801 107% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.7 21.698381199 118% => OK
Discourse Markers: 13.1 7.06452816374 185% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.404764802131 0.272083759551 149% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.163642295211 0.0996497079465 164% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0633755693111 0.0662205650399 96% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.225187612021 0.162205337803 139% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0260394594656 0.0443174109184 59% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.0 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 63.02 53.8541721854 117% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 9.64 12.2367328918 79% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.33 8.42419426049 87% => OK
difficult_words: 40.0 63.6247240618 63% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 17.0 10.7273730684 158% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 17.0 11.2008830022 152% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.