TPO-54
The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake. The level of salt in the lake's water—what scientists call its salinity—has been increasing steadily for years because the lake's water is evaporating faster than it is being replaced by rainfall or rivers. If the trend continues, the lake's water will soon become so salty that the lake will be unable to support fish and bird populations. The lake would then become essentially a dead zone. Fortunately, there are several ways to reverse the trend that is threatening the lake's health.
One option is direct removal of salt from the lake's water in special desalination facilities. Water from the lake would be pumped into the facilities and heated. This would cause the water to evaporate into steam, while salt and other materials dissolved in the water would be left behind. The steam would then be cooled down and returned to the lake as salt-free water. Gradually, the high salt levels would be reduced and the lake’s overall health would be restored.
Another possible solution is to dilute the salt level in the lake with water from the ocean. Since water in the Pacific Ocean is 20 percent less salty than water in the lake, bringing ocean water into the lake would decrease the lake’s salinity. The ocean water could be delivered through pipelines or canals.
Yet another solution would be to control the lake's salinity by constructing walls to divide the lake into several sections. In the smaller sections, salinity would be allowed to increase. However, in the main and largest section, salinity would be reduced and controlled by, among other things, directing all the freshwater from small rivers in the area to flow into that main section of the lake.
The reading passage and the lecture both discuss practical solutions for the problem of too much salinity in water's lake. In the reading part, the author mentions that scientists propose several reasons for tackle the problem; however, in the listening part, the speaker challenges what the author states and rebuts the reasons, citing that the reasons are not realistic.
To begin with, as mentioned in the article, the author sets forth that salts can be removed directly by facilities heated the water to evaporate and stead the salt. Nevertheless, the lecturer refutes the idea asserting that water has another materials and substances too. it means some elements in the water might be toxic for health's residents; therefore, when the weather is windy, these elements come to air; people breathe them, and become sick.
Secondly, the author points out that the government can reduce the range of salinity from water with bring the water of ocean to the lakes. Nonetheless, the professor flatly contradicts the idea and contends that the cost of bringing water is too high and the governments cannot afford it. Since the ocean is one hundred kilometers far from the lake, it would be too expensive to make a line or canal for such a long distance.
Finally, the professor claims that people can build several walls to the lacks to divide the water into different sections; hence the salinity would be reduced from the biggest section and the small ones combine all of the salinity. In contrast, the professor is of the opinion that lakes are usually in the regions that might have earthquakes or other disasters. therefore, it might reduce the salinity but it cannot remain long-lasting. Actually, after one earthquake the walls will destroy and collapse. In other words, water loses the salinity in the main section and the salt comes back to other part of the lake.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-08-05 | nusybah | 85 | view |
| 2023-07-24 | YasamanEsml | 90 | view |
| 2023-07-24 | YasamanEsml | 85 | view |
| 2023-07-20 | Take | 78 | view |
| 2023-07-20 | Take | 90 | view |
- Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific solutions presented in reading passage. TPO18 3
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 273, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...s another materials and substances too. it means some elements in the water might ...
^^
Line 7, column 214, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
...gest section and the small ones combine all of the salinity. In contrast, the professor is...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 366, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Therefore
...ht have earthquakes or other disasters. therefore, it might reduce the salinity but it ca...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, finally, hence, however, if, nevertheless, nonetheless, second, secondly, so, therefore, in contrast, in other words, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 5.04856512141 218% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 13.0 7.30242825607 178% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1567.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 313.0 270.72406181 116% => OK
Chars per words: 5.00638977636 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.20616286096 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47523227114 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 173.0 145.348785872 119% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.552715654952 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 479.7 419.366225166 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.4682644794 49.2860985944 104% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.538461538 110.228320801 109% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.0769230769 21.698381199 111% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.2307692308 7.06452816374 159% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.443684426578 0.272083759551 163% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.141295415002 0.0996497079465 142% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0894952302042 0.0662205650399 135% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.248845592703 0.162205337803 153% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0880249306775 0.0443174109184 199% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 13.3589403974 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.07 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.61 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.