Both the reading passage and lecture discusses about "Voynich manuscript", a manuscript which is written in fifteen and sixteenth centuries and its content is not understood by any one till now. The author presents three hypotheses which tries to explain the source of that menuscript. On the other hand, the professor casts doubt on each of the theories and refutes them all pointing out flows of those concepts.
First of all, the author proposes a theory, which considers the menuscript as a genuine contribution on some scientific or magical matter. This theory also gives credit to Anthony Acsham as a possible author. However, the professor finds this theory dubious and argues that, the author's other works are relatively simpler and does not contain original content. Therefore, it is very unlikely that he created such a novel script with that much complexity.
Secondly, another theroy is presented which proposes that the script is nothing but a fradulent work of a person named Edward Kelly, who might tried to deceit affluent noble persons by selling a script which actually had no magical power. But the professor thinks that, as it was not required to make such complex work to fool people, it is not believable that Edward gave that much time and care to create a fake script for this purpose.
Finally, the author questions about the authenticity of the script, mentioning that Mr Voynich might create that script himself, to sell that as a mysterious book. This theory might be convincing to many people, as Mr Voynich was an antique book dealer and had that much knowledges and resource to make a fake script. The professor refutes this theory pointing out a scientific research which proves that the ink and paper used for this menuscript is of 400 years old. Though it might be possible for Mr Voynich to use paper from other books, but it is highly unlikely to get ink like that.
- TOEFL T P O 34 - Integrated Writing Task 3
- TPO 31 A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved in volcanic ash, was discovered in Liaoning, China, in 1996. Interestingly, the fossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones. Some paleontologists interpret 80
- TPO 31 A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved in volcanic ash, was discovered in Liaoning, China, in 1996. Interestingly, the fossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones. Some paleontologists interpret 80
- the cloud seeding 90
- TPO 37- One of the threats to endangered sea turtle species is the use of nets by commercial shrimp-fishing boats. When turtles get accidentally caught in the nets, they cannot rise to the surface of the ocean to breathe, and they die. Some people suggest 78
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 267, Rule ID: MUCH_COUNTABLE[1]
Message: Use 'many' with countable nouns.
Suggestion: many
...was an antique book dealer and had that much knowledges and resource to make a fake ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, however, if, second, secondly, so, then, therefore, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 7.30242825607 192% => OK
Relative clauses : 21.0 12.0772626932 174% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1598.0 1373.03311258 116% => OK
No of words: 323.0 270.72406181 119% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94736842105 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.23936324884 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61360828171 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 180.0 145.348785872 124% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.557275541796 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 472.5 419.366225166 113% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.3595416348 49.2860985944 94% => OK
Chars per sentence: 122.923076923 110.228320801 112% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.8461538462 21.698381199 115% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.23076923077 7.06452816374 131% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.129500976067 0.272083759551 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0447380521047 0.0996497079465 45% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0614858986688 0.0662205650399 93% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0779219822123 0.162205337803 48% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0631190335132 0.0443174109184 142% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 13.3589403974 107% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.73 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.79 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 81.0 63.6247240618 127% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.