TPO47 integrated

The passage and the lecture are both about the flight ability of pterosaurs. The author presents three theories to support that these dinosaurs were not able to fly. The lecturer, on the other hand, refutes all the mentioned notions in the text and believes that these creatures may capable of flight due to several reasons.

In the passage, the writer begins by stating that since pterosaurs were probably cold-blooded animals, they were unable to provide the required energy of flying. The professor, however, asserts that they had a dense hair-like covering, or maybe had fur that belong to warm-blooded creatures. Therefore, pterosaurs did not have problems providing the energy needed to fly.

The author also claims that these dinosaurs were too heavy for flying. Conversely, the lecturer argues this viewpoint, mentioning that the anatomy of pterosaurs was specific, and despite their huge body frame, they were lightweight because they had hollow bones. As a result, pterosaurs were able to fly.

Finally, the writer points out that since pterosaurs had small and weak back muscles, they could not run fast or jump high enough to lunch into the air. In contrast, the lecturer states that there were crucial differences between these creatures and birds. For instance, birds only can use two limbs for jumping, however, pterosaurs could use four limbs to run or jump. So they were able to run fast enough or jump high enough into the air.