Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they support / contradict specific points made in the reading passage.
Reading:
Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska's North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
The reading states the feasible migration hypothesis of the Edmontosaurs from the North Slope and provides three reasons of support. However, the speaker explains that these theories are unlikely and refutes each of the author's claims.
The article claims that since the dinosaurs nourish from plants, and plants were not available during the winter in the North Slope, Edmontosaurs would have migrated to warmer areas. The professor refutes this point by saying that this hypothesis is not convincing. According to the professor, the climate was warmer than today. Therefore, sunshine endured...
- Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called 80
- The cane toad is a large (1.8 kg) amphibian species native to Central and South America. It was deliberately introduced to Australia in 1935 with the expectation that it would protect farmers' crops by eating harmful insects. Unfortunately, the toad multi 80
- T rex.Reading materials: Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently when it 90
- work made by hand or by machines 70
- Reading：Populations of the yellow cedar 80
these theories are unlikely and refutes each of the author's claims.
these theories are unlikely true and refutes each of the author's claims.
Attribute Value Ideal
Score: 27 in 30
Category: Excellent Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 1 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 17 12
No. of Words: 310 250
No. of Characters: 1619 1200
No. of Different Words: 162 150
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.196 4.2
Average Word Length: 5.223 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.56 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 117 80
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 91 60
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 60 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 45 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 18.235 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 5.886 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.647 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.314 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.507 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.057 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 4