Humans have long been fascinated by elephants, the largest land animal in the modern world. Social animals that live in herds, elephants are native to both Africa and Asia. Their large ears, long trunk, and long life span have made elephants one of the most captivating creatures on Earth. Our long-standing interest in elephants has led to several beliefs about surprising elephant behaviors. Elephants Are Aware of Approaching Death One of the popular beliefs is that when elephants become old and weak, they know that they are nearing the end of their lives. They demonstrate this by breaking away from their herds and going off alone to certain locations often found near bodies of water - so called "elephant graveyards" - to die alone. The idea that old elephants seem aware that they will die soon is supported by the discovery of many sites containing bones exclusively of elderly elephants. Representing Objects through Art Additionally, elephants seem to have artistic ability. Elephants can be taught to hold a paintbrush in their trunk and use it to paint on a canvas. Some elephants have been known to paint drawings that represent recognizable things: flowers, other elephants, even themselves. This talent makes elephants the only animal other than humans to produce art representing the world around them. Fear of Mice Finally, it has long been believed that elephants have a fear of mice. In 77 C.E., the Roman philosopher and scientist Pliny the Elder wrote that elephants are more afraid of mice, small mammals that can do elephants no harm, than of the much more dangerous animals with which elephants normally share an environment, such as lions or tigers. In a recent scientific experiment in which a herd of elephants was confronted with several mice, the elephants backed away from the mice and left the area to avoid them.
In this set of materials, the reading passage states that elephants are fascinating and have special abilities among other animals. However, the lecturer believes that they are because of misunderstanding and refute them all.
First of all, it is mentioned in the article that elephants know their time of death and when they become old, they come out of herd and go near water. On the contrary, the professor argues that they do it because of practical reasons. When elephants get old and weak, their teeth are not able to chew the food and they need softer vegetation which are near water and eventually die there. In fact, elephant graveyards near water is because of more available food for them.
Furthermore, the passage asserts that elephants can use paintbrush and draw meaningful pictures such as flower or tree. In contrast, the lecturer explains that it is not because of artistic ability that they have. Elephant's ear is sensitive to touch and people can train them to draw a specific line by touching their ears. After painting some lines the picture looks like a flower and sun while they do not understand the meaning of the picture. Therefore, human can teach elephants to use paintbrush while elephants cannot recognize the subject.
Finally, the reading claims that elephants have a fear of mice. Conversely, the professor explains that elephant's behavior against mice is because of being unfamiliar with them which is a natural instinct. The evidence shows that in the zoo, they do not react to mice which means they are not afraid of mice. Hence, elephants do not consider mice dangerous when they get familiar with them.
- TPO25 - Integrated TOEFL essay 80
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- •Some university professors let their students choose their research topics themselves. Some do not. Which one do you think is better? Why? 88
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 105, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'elephants'' or 'elephant's'?
Suggestion: elephants'; elephant's
...Conversely, the professor explains that elephants behavior against mice is because of bei...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
conversely, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, look, so, therefore, while, in contrast, in fact, such as, first of all, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 22.412803532 143% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1375.0 1373.03311258 100% => OK
No of words: 276.0 270.72406181 102% => OK
Chars per words: 4.98188405797 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.07593519647 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.55373617921 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 149.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.539855072464 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 421.2 419.366225166 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 26.2842580687 49.2860985944 53% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 91.6666666667 110.228320801 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.4 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.93333333333 7.06452816374 141% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.126488911386 0.272083759551 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0516900364967 0.0996497079465 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0411759762585 0.0662205650399 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0829701322483 0.162205337803 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0181724754074 0.0443174109184 41% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.2 13.3589403974 84% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.6 12.2367328918 95% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.73 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 61.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.