the following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
"Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources unmanned space flight."
The argument stating that investment should be focused on unmanned space flight is not totally convincing since it ignores certain crutial assumptions.
First, it is provided that a good amount of information was gathered during unmanned space flight. Here, there is an important assumption that the same amount of information would have been gathered if that same space flight was manned. However, this was not stated in the passage. That's why, if manned space flights would gather more information compared to the unmanned ones, the argument would be greatly weakened.
Second, the argument adresses that manned space flight are costly, that's why no investment should take place in this type of filghts. However, this depends on an important assumption that unmanned space flight aren't as costly. This type of flight would require higher technological tools since no human would be present in space to control the flight, so it might be as costly as the manned space flight. If so, the argument would be weakened.
Finally, it was stated that manned space flight should be avoided because there are dangerous. Here, the assumption is that unmanned space flight should replace them because they are less dangerous and risky. However, this type of space flight could be very dangerous because in the absence of humans, technological errors might take place. If so, newly developed tools in space probes and satellites would be out of control, and the risk of explosion, failure, crash with the earth would increase. That's how, unmanned space flight could be as dangerous as the manned ones or even riskier, weakening the argument.
In conclusion, because of the previously mentionned assumptions, the argument stated in the passage might not be convincing and more evidence would have strengthened it more. For instance, if it was stated that both types of flights resulted in the same amount of information with less cost attributed to the unmanned flights, this would have defended the argument. Additionally, if some statistics were mentioned about the level of danger concerning both types of flight in terms of their success, and if manned space flights were shown to be less dangerous and as successful as manned space flights, the argument would be stronger.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-10-16 | eliasrichardelias | 70 | view |
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 6 2
No. of Sentences: 17 15
No. of Words: 368 350
No. of Characters: 1854 1500
No. of Different Words: 145 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.38 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.038 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.526 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 144 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 98 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 64 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 36 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 21.647 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.765 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.824 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.416 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.604 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.143 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 283, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: That's
...er, this was not stated in the passage. Thats why, if manned space flights would gath...
^^^^^
Line 9, column 68, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
...es that manned space flight are costly, thats why no investment should take place in ...
^^^^^
Line 9, column 211, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: aren't
...t assumption that unmanned space flight arent as costly. This type of flight would re...
^^^^^
Line 13, column 500, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: That's
...e, crash with the earth would increase. Thats how, unmanned space flight could be as ...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, second, so, then, for instance, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 27.0 19.6327345309 138% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 20.0 12.9520958084 154% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 13.6137724551 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 24.0 28.8173652695 83% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 55.5748502994 65% => OK
Nominalization: 20.0 16.3942115768 122% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1922.0 2260.96107784 85% => OK
No of words: 367.0 441.139720559 83% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.23705722071 5.12650576532 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.37689890912 4.56307096286 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61216538511 2.78398813304 94% => OK
Unique words: 155.0 204.123752495 76% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.422343324251 0.468620217663 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 571.5 705.55239521 81% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 4.96107784431 141% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 6.0 2.70958083832 221% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 19.7664670659 86% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 22.8473053892 92% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.062084157 57.8364921388 92% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.058823529 119.503703932 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.5882352941 23.324526521 93% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.64705882353 5.70786347227 81% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 5.25449101796 76% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 12.0 6.88822355289 174% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.261011487816 0.218282227539 120% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.115498190468 0.0743258471296 155% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0617490652565 0.0701772020484 88% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.174819657099 0.128457276422 136% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0431147364984 0.0628817314937 69% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.0 14.3799401198 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 48.3550499002 104% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 12.197005988 94% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.11 12.5979740519 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.86 8.32208582834 94% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 98.500998004 75% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 12.3882235529 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 11.1389221557 93% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.9071856287 67% => The average readability is low. Need to imporve the language.
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.