Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the automobile's main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine, which uses hydrogen to create electricity that, in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them.
One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that it relies on petroleum, either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel. Petroleum is a finite resource; someday, we will run out of oil. The hydrogen needed for fuel-cell engines cannot easily be depleted. Hydrogen can be derived from various plentiful sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes them particularly attractive.
Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solve many of the world's pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oil is carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand, the only byproduct of fuel-cell engines is water.
Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine. This is true for one simple reason: a fuel-cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance.
The reading states that Hydrogen based fuel cell engines have some advantages over internal combustion engines and provides several reasons. However, the lecturer is challenged the claims made by the author. he explains that while oil based combustion engines have some limitations and impact on environment but hydrogen would not solve these problems and the lecturer refutes each of the author's claims.
First of all, the author argues that Fuel-cell engines required Hydrogen and the resouces of hydrogen
are reliable and readily utilize but the combustion engine is depend on unrenewable petrolium sources. this specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He says that for the use of Hydrogen as a fuel needed liquid form of hydrogen and this artificial states needed cooler tecnique that's required
-250 degree temperature. hence, this complex and expensive method indicates that Hydrogen are not the available fuel source of fuel engine.
Secondly, the reading states that Byproduct of fuel cell engines is water, on the other hand carbon dioxide had produced the uses of combustion engines, thus hydrogen based fuel cell engines are favorable. The lecturer, however, rebuts this claim that for purification of hydrogen needed energy and this comes from the burning of oil and coal. Hence, the hydrogen fuel engine are friendly for environment, though indirectly made some effects on environment for the burning of oil and coal.
finally, the reading posits that fuel cell engines would economically compitative because this engine is twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered than internal- combustion engine. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that high expensive matel like platinum uses into the fuel engine to make chemical reaction of hydrogen, without and uses less expensive metal, chemical reaction does not ooccur and engine not operate.
- As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious. 62
- Many countries require cigarette smokers to pay particularly high taxes on their purchases of cigarettes; similar taxes are being considered for unhealthy foods. The policy of imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has a number of 80
- If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable. 76
- A recent study reveals that people especially young people are reading far less literature—novels, plays, and poems—than they used to. This is troubling because the trend has unfortunate effects for the reading public, for culture in general, and for 73
- Agnostids were a group of marine animals that became extinct about 450 million years ago. Agnostid fossils can be found in rocks in many areas around the world. From the fossil remains, we know that agnostids were primitive arthropods-relatives of modern- 76
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 209, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: He
...allenged the claims made by the author. he explains that while oil based combustio...
^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Are
...Hydrogen and the resouces of hydrogen are reliable and readily utilize but the co...
^^^
Line 7, column 63, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'depended'.
Suggestion: depended
...ly utilize but the combustion engine is depend on unrenewable petrolium sources. this ...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 104, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
...epend on unrenewable petrolium sources. this specific argument is challenged by the ...
^^^^
Line 9, column 26, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Hence
...s;s required 250 degree temperature. hence, this complex and expensive method indi...
^^^^^
Line 17, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Finally
...t for the burning of oil and coal. finally, the reading posits that fuel cell engi...
^^^^^^^
Line 17, column 181, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...l as an automobile powered than internal combustion engine. In contrast, the lect...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, hence, however, if, second, secondly, so, thus, while, in contrast, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 7.30242825607 192% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 5.01324503311 259% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1621.0 1373.03311258 118% => OK
No of words: 298.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.43959731544 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15483772266 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54791699165 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 146.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.489932885906 0.540411800872 91% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 516.6 419.366225166 123% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 56.7163385239 49.2860985944 115% => OK
Chars per sentence: 135.083333333 110.228320801 123% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.8333333333 21.698381199 114% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.0 7.06452816374 142% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 4.09492273731 147% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.2846258381 0.272083759551 105% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.114893675424 0.0996497079465 115% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0682842751912 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.156292169053 0.162205337803 96% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0342857761348 0.0443174109184 77% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.6 13.3589403974 124% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 38.66 53.8541721854 72% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.8 11.0289183223 125% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.57 12.2367328918 119% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.07 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 80.0 63.6247240618 126% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Maximum four paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.