In the 1950s Torreya taxifolia, a type of evergreen tree once very common in the state of Florida, started to die out. No one is sure exactly what caused the decline, but chances are good that if nothing is done, Torreya will soon become extinct. Experts are considering three ways to address the decline of Torreya.
The first option is to reestablish Torreya in the same location in which it thrived for thousands of years. Torreya used to be found in abundance in the northern part of Florida, which has a specific microclimate. A microclimate exists when weather conditions inside a relatively small area differ from the region of which that area is a part. Northern Florida's microclimate is very favorable to Torreya's growth. This microclimate is wetter and cooler than the surrounding region's relatively dry, warm climate. Scientists have been working to plant Torreya seeds in the coolest, dampest areas of the microclimate.
The second option is to move Torreya to an entirely different location, far from its Florida microclimate. Torreya seeds and saplings have been successfully planted and grown in forests further north, where the temperature is significantly cooler. Some scientists believe that Torreya probably thrived in areas much further north in the distant past, so by relocating it now, in a process known as assisted migration, humans would simply be helping Torreya return to an environment that is more suited to its survival.
The third option is to preserve Torreya in research centers. Seeds and saplings can be moved from the wild and preserved in a closely monitored environment where it will be easier for scientists both to protect the species and to conduct research on Torreya. This research can then be used to ensure the continued survival of the speces.
The reading and listening materials discuss about the ways to solve the decline of torreya tree. The article mentions three possible methods to address the declining population of this tree. however, the speaker rejects all of them and claims that they are unlikely to be successful.
First, the reading suggests that people can reestablish torreya in the same location of north florida, where the microclimate is favorable for its growth. Nevertheless, the professor argues that the climate has changed in large region of florida, due to the increasing temperature caused by global warming or the drier weather condition contributed by the drained wetlands through the region. therefore, the professor believes that the microclimate is no longer suited for torreya in north florida.
In addition, another way proposed by the author to solve the tree decline is to move torreya tree to a totally different location, which is further north than the past. On the contrary, the professor considers that this process could have unpredicted outcomes. She illustrates another type of tree as an example to explain her point. In her words, the black locust tree that was moved to a new environment spread quickly and killed many local trees, some of which were endangered or becoming extinct. therefore, the speaker holds that this method will not succeed.
Finally, the writer brings up that scientists could preserve the torreya tree in research center in order to protect it and conduct research. however, the professor points out that the tree in the center could not resist diseases and survive in a long term. it is because the research center does not have the capacity to support a large population ensuring the tree’s genetic diversity, which is very necessary for torreya tree’s survival.
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| 2020-01-10 | faisalaldebei | 81 | view |
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- The cane toad is a large (1.8 kg) amphibian species native to Central and South America. It was deliberately introduced to Australia in 1935 with the expectation that it would protect farmers' crops by eating harmful insects. Unfortunately, the toad 85
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 192, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
... the declining population of this tree. however, the speaker rejects all of them and cl...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 394, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Therefore
...he drained wetlands through the region. therefore, the professor believes that the microc...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 11, column 502, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Therefore
...ch were endangered or becoming extinct. therefore, the speaker holds that this method wil...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 17, column 143, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...der to protect it and conduct research. however, the professor points out that the tree...
^^^^^^^
Line 17, column 259, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...st diseases and survive in a long term. it is because the research center does not...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, nevertheless, so, therefore, in addition, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1536.0 1373.03311258 112% => OK
No of words: 290.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 5.29655172414 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.12666770723 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.68135101801 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 168.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.579310344828 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 454.5 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 48.4292562109 49.2860985944 98% => OK
Chars per sentence: 109.714285714 110.228320801 100% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.7142857143 21.698381199 95% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.5 7.06452816374 92% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.177528040874 0.272083759551 65% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0575514755021 0.0996497079465 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0337418320349 0.0662205650399 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0983257660056 0.162205337803 61% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0192070172951 0.0443174109184 43% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.9 13.3589403974 104% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 53.8541721854 95% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.46 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.88 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 78.0 63.6247240618 123% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 10.7273730684 107% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.