Integrated speaking.

an important survival skill of animals is their spatial memory, the ability to remember objects based on their relation to other things in the environment. animals use their spatial memory to make a list of paths leading to various goals. navigation by landmarks, such as rocks or trees, is a simple but effective procedure. an animal learns from experience that turning right at one place and then left at another will lead to its destination. some animals can recognize a landmark from different directions, making it possible to find their way to a familiar goal even when approaching from an unfamiliar direction.