For hundreds of years, a civilization thrived on Easter Island, which is one of the most remote islands in the Pacific Ocean. However, sometime before the 19th century, the society on the island suffered a total collapse. The mysteriousness of the civilization’s demise has given rise to a few ideas about what happened to the island and its inhabitants. A compelling argument has attributed the civilization’s ruin to an infestation of large rats. It is believed that the boats which brought the island’s original inhabitants also carried rats, which were able to rapidly reproduce over the following few centuries. Since these rats mainly fed on the seeds of the palm trees which grew on the island at that time, they eventually caused major deforestation to occur. This deforestation may have caused erosion and soil loss, which in turn made it difficult for the inhabitants of the island to grow food. This lack of food may have spelled the end of the civilization on Easter Island. A second possible cause of the civilization’s decline might been internal warfare among the population. Archaeological excavations have turned up thousands of small curved blades – called mata’a in the local language – all over Easter Island. The people of the island probably used these as weapons, and the sheet number of them that have been found suggests that large-scale warfare occurred for much of the fourteenth century. As a result, long-term population decline was inevitable. A third view points to the effect of exposure to diseases brought by visitors from Europe and South America. When large-scale contact with outsiders became extremely frequent in the 19th century, it is unlikely that the local population had biological resistance to some of the diseases they carried. It is estimated that thousands of residents may have died as a result of this. This sad effect is consistent with decline of native populations in North America that were similarly diminished by contact with outsiders several centuries earlier.
The reading and lecture are both about why Easter Island civilization disappeared. The author of the reading feels that three major factors resulted in collapse of Easter Island. The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author. He is of the opinion that even though three factors did happen on the Island, these factors cannot be a cogent evidence to explain why civilization of Easter Island is collapsed.
To begin with, the reading says that a number of rats on Easter island ate palm tree seeds, which caused deforestation. The deforestation resulted in soil loss and food loss. Due to losing foods, the civilization of Easter Island disappeared. The specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He claims that inhabitants on the Island had enough foods since they had prodigious fishers. In the Island, about seventy percent of foods came from sea. Additionally, he argues that because the rock gardens found on Easter Island had nutrient soil, inhabitants can grow sufficient foods like potatoes to survive on the island.
Secondly, the writer suggests that a great number of blades might be used as weapons, and these can be a evidence that Easter Island had several large-scale internal warfare. And then, long-term population was in decline because of the warfare. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by mentioning that blades found on the island cannot be weapons. He elaborates on this by bringing up the point that by observing blades’ size and shapes, they aren’t very sharp and few of blades are pointed. This is because these blades were more used for cutting rock and other hard surfaces than for internal warfare. It is likely that they were used in building up home and large statues found on the island.
Finally, the author posits that outsider bringing diseases contacted local people and caused large number of local people die. In contrast, the lecturer’s position is that outsider’s contact cannot totally explain why civilization of the Island disappeared. He notes that even if inhabitants did contact with outsiders, it cannot indicates that civilization collapse was caused by outsiders. To be more concise, in the beginning of contact, three thousand people lived in the island, but ,back to the 17th century, there are thirty thousand people. It is evident that serious population decline on the island was prior to the coming of outsiders.
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- People s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making 58
- It is better for elders to take risks and explore new things than young people 70
- Reading Humans have long been fascinated by elephants the largest land animal in the modern world Social animals that live in herds elephants are native to both Africa and Asia Their large ears long trunk and long life span have made elephants one of the 80
- To what extent do you agree or disagree In the past people ate food that was better for their health than they do today 73
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 180, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... resulted in collapse of Easter Island. The lecturer challenges the claims made by ...
^^^
Line 5, column 104, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...ht be used as weapons, and these can be a evidence that Easter Island had several...
^
Line 5, column 299, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... however, rebuts this by mentioning that blades found on the island cannot be wea...
^^
Line 7, column 488, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...thousand people lived in the island, but ,back to the 17th century, there are thir...
^^
Line 7, column 648, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...d was prior to the coming of outsiders.
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, second, secondly, so, then, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 20.0 10.4613686534 191% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 22.412803532 143% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 53.0 30.3222958057 175% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 5.01324503311 259% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2010.0 1373.03311258 146% => OK
No of words: 389.0 270.72406181 144% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.16709511568 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.44106776838 4.04702891845 110% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.68209028365 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 185.0 145.348785872 127% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.47557840617 0.540411800872 88% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 614.7 419.366225166 147% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 11.0 3.25607064018 338% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 2.5761589404 233% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 22.0 13.0662251656 168% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 39.9451069625 49.2860985944 81% => OK
Chars per sentence: 91.3636363636 110.228320801 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.6818181818 21.698381199 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.68181818182 7.06452816374 52% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 13.0 4.45695364238 292% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.27049456228 0.272083759551 99% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0893186761786 0.0996497079465 90% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0737888916426 0.0662205650399 111% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.175136088693 0.162205337803 108% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0600054907613 0.0443174109184 135% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.41 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.93 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 85.0 63.6247240618 134% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 71.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.