These days, if you pick up a newspaper or turn on the TV or radio, you may hear or read about the advantages of driverless cars, also called self-driving or autonomous cars. The technology is simple to understand: using sensors and computers, these cars can drive without input from a human. This might sound like science fiction, but such vehicles are already on our roads and they will have a positive impact on our driving experience.
Traffic accidents are a leading cause of injuries and fatalities in the United States, and studies show that most crashes are caused by human error. The software that runs driverless cars is not capable of making mistakes. As a result, such vehicles will be much safer. One technology company has a self-driving car that has driven for over 700,000 miles – over one million kilometers – without an accident: a better record than all but the best human drivers.
In addition, self-driving vehicles are good for the environment because they drive more efficiently. On a typical journey within a city, drivers deal with urban traffic by stopping and starting their engines repeatedly. This type of driving means engines work less efficiently and this causes a lot of pollution. Driverless cars, on the other hand, can communicate with other vehicles, which will reduce traffic problems. Autonomous cars will be able to start and stop their engines less often and travel at higher speeds.
Finally, autonomous cars will give passengers time. Instead of having to focus on driving, human occupants can focus on other things. The average time for commuting to and from work in the United States is about thirty minutes each way. Instead of using this time to focus on the road, passengers in driverless cars can read, watch videos, or catch up on work.
In the passage, it is stated that, self-driving cars can put a positive impact in our life. Self-driving cars are safer, good for environment and can save passengers' time. However, the lecturer rule out those points by stating their limitations and counter-examples.
To begin, in the passage, we can see that self-driving or autonomous cars are safer than human drivers because machines are not prone to error like human beings. The idea is supported by the fact that, a self-driving car of a company has travelled about 70,000 miles without any accident. But the lecturer said that as algorithms of self-driving cars are written by humans, there will never be 100 percent possibilty of zero accidents. In fact, the example of the car mentioned previously, has been in an accident with another car. So, according to the lecturer, it cannot be guaranteed that self-driving cars are safer than human drivers.
Secondly, it is stated in the passage that self-driving cars are efficient and good for environment, as it will be driven by a computer program rather than human drivers. But the lecturer denied the fact by stating that if self-driving cars are brought to the market, more people will buy car which can increase the pollution created by cars. Moreover, as there is no driver license needed for such cars, there are no age restrictions for that type of cars. So more people will buy those cars and hence there will be increase in pollution created by increased cars. Hence the lecturer disagrees to that fact of passage because of this reason.
Thirdly, in the passage, self-driving cars are supported by the fact that, they will save passengers' time. Although the lecturer agrees to the argument to some extent, he stated that, as the saved time due to the passengers not having to drive the car by themselves, that time will be a part of daily routine instead. So it is less likely that that time will be used productively, rather it is possible that the increased time will not produce any significant change in the daily life. Thus, the lecturer does not agree to this fact presented in the paragraph.
In conclusion, it can be seen that, the lecturer disagrees with the fact presented in the passage that, self-driving cars will be more useful for daily lige. He ruled out the argument by showing some counter exanples
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 567, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...in pollution created by increased cars. Hence the lecturer disagrees to that fact of ...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 611, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e the lecturer disagrees to that fact of passage because of this reason. Third...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, hence, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, third, thirdly, thus, in conclusion, in fact
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 24.0 10.4613686534 229% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 16.0 5.04856512141 317% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 22.412803532 156% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 47.0 30.3222958057 155% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1946.0 1373.03311258 142% => OK
No of words: 398.0 270.72406181 147% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.88944723618 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.46653527281 4.04702891845 110% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.75596875045 2.5805825403 107% => OK
Unique words: 174.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.437185929648 0.540411800872 81% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 600.3 419.366225166 143% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 3.25607064018 276% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 40.6050499704 49.2860985944 82% => OK
Chars per sentence: 102.421052632 110.228320801 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.9473684211 21.698381199 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.31578947368 7.06452816374 75% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 12.0 4.33554083885 277% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.210698870583 0.272083759551 77% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0864606372362 0.0996497079465 87% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0632261727109 0.0662205650399 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.142229067909 0.162205337803 88% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0541723619206 0.0443174109184 122% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.08 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.56 8.42419426049 90% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.