In the United States, it had been common practice since the late1960s no to suppress natural forest fires. The “let it burn” policy assumed that forest fire would burn themselves out quickly, without causing much damage. However, in the summer of 1988, forest fires in Yellowstone, the most famous national park in the country, burned for more than two months and spread over a huge area, encompassing more than 800,000 acres. Because of the large scale of the damage, many people called for replacing the “let it burn” policy with a policy of extinguishing forest fires as soon as they appeared. Three kinds of damage caused by the “let it burn” policy were emphasized by critics of the policy.
First, Yellowstone fires caused tremendous damage to the park’s trees and other vegetation. When the fires finally died out, nearly one third of Yellowstone’s land had been scorched. Trees were charred and blackened from flames and smoke. Smaller plants were entirely incinerated. What had been a national treasure now seemed like a devastated wasteland
Second, the park wildlife was affected as well. Large animals like deer and elk were seen fleeing the fire. Man smaller species were probably unable to escape. There
was also concern that the destruction of habitats and thedisruption of food chains would make it impossible for the animals that survived the fire to return.
Third, the fires compromised the value of the park as a tourist attraction, which in turn had negative consequences for the ocal economy. .with several thousand acres of the park engulfed in flames, the tourist season was cut short, and a large number of visitors decided to stay away. Of course, local businesses that depended on park visitors suffered as a result.
The reading and the lecture are both about natural forest fires in the United States. The author of reading feels that advantages of replacing current policy, which is not prevention is reqiured for these fires until serious events happen. The lecturer, however, challanges the claims made by the author. She is of the opinion that these theories are falce.
T begin with, the author argues that "let it burn" policy harms flora seriously. A lot of plant species get burned during forest fires, which results decreasing number of trees and other smaller plants in the parks. This specific arguement is challanged by the professor. She mentions that this burned plants give enough nutrition for growing of other plants.Better environment are created by reduced trees for smaller plants what lived in the shadow of trees.
Secondly, the writer suggests that animals could not escape from forest fires, therefore they also die because of unprevented fires. The lecturer, however, robuts it by mentioning that likewise, slightly weak animals get chance to nurturing after decreasing of their predators by fires. Stronger predators survive after fire, which eventually lead to generation of more enduring species.
Finally, the reading posits that tourists levels are decreased because of increased rate of fired areas, this affects also economy of town. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that natural burning of large space is not a common pattern. This happened only when special weather conditions occur, such as strong winds, less fallen rain, which is a rare event.
To sum up, both the writer and the professor hold conflicting views about policies related with forest fires. It's clear that they will have trouble finding common ground on this issue.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 241, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...hese fires until serious events happen. The lecturer, however, challanges the claim...
^^^
Line 2, column 370, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Better
...h nutrition for growing of other plants.Better environment are created by reduced tree...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, however, if, likewise, second, secondly, so, therefore, in contrast, such as, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1490.0 1373.03311258 109% => OK
No of words: 281.0 270.72406181 104% => OK
Chars per words: 5.3024911032 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09427095027 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.43922596955 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 176.0 145.348785872 121% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.626334519573 0.540411800872 116% => OK
syllable_count: 446.4 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 37.7660872179 49.2860985944 77% => OK
Chars per sentence: 93.125 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.5625 21.698381199 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.6875 7.06452816374 95% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.170054356975 0.272083759551 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0536918250553 0.0996497079465 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0581482731867 0.0662205650399 88% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0874591536839 0.162205337803 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0216759556882 0.0443174109184 49% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 13.3589403974 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.16 12.2367328918 108% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.48 8.42419426049 113% => OK
difficult_words: 89.0 63.6247240618 140% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 241, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...hese fires until serious events happen. The lecturer, however, challanges the claim...
^^^
Line 2, column 370, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Better
...h nutrition for growing of other plants.Better environment are created by reduced tree...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, however, if, likewise, second, secondly, so, therefore, in contrast, such as, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1490.0 1373.03311258 109% => OK
No of words: 281.0 270.72406181 104% => OK
Chars per words: 5.3024911032 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09427095027 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.43922596955 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 176.0 145.348785872 121% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.626334519573 0.540411800872 116% => OK
syllable_count: 446.4 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 37.7660872179 49.2860985944 77% => OK
Chars per sentence: 93.125 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.5625 21.698381199 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.6875 7.06452816374 95% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.170054356975 0.272083759551 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0536918250553 0.0996497079465 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0581482731867 0.0662205650399 88% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0874591536839 0.162205337803 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0216759556882 0.0443174109184 49% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 13.3589403974 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.16 12.2367328918 108% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.48 8.42419426049 113% => OK
difficult_words: 89.0 63.6247240618 140% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.