Explain the concept of ritualization using the example of dogs discussed by the professor.
Ritualization
Sociobiologists believe that some communicative behavior in animals is developed through a process called ritualization. In this process, the purpose of a given behavior changes over time—a behavior that originally had a practical purpose develops into one that communicates a specific message. For example, a certain movement or physical feature might evolve to serve as a signal or a warning that other animals will understand. Once a behavior is ritualized, it becomes a form of communication; therefore, if an animal engages in this behavior, other animals will be able to interpret the meaning of the behavior quickly and respond appropriately.
| Post dates | Users | rates | Contents |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-07-20 | Elena Cristina | 75.00 | Check this speaking |
| 2019-12-05 | M.S 2019 | 66.00 | Check this speaking |
| 2020-01-23 | Maziyeh Khavari1390 | Check this speaking | |
| 2019-11-12 | Qwe | Check this speaking | |
| 2019-08-15 | Rasna James | Check this speaking |
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- The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which should solution you recommend and explain why. 81
- Using the example of the car advertisement, explain what is meant by implicit memory 90
- Using the examples of the leafy sea dragon and the cuttlefish describe two kinds of camouflage and the benefits they provide 47
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 539.0 592.248995984 91% => OK
No of words: 148.0 155.574297189 95% => More words wanted. You may: choose simpler words or speak faster or remove hesitations or remove long pauses, and fully use the time, do NOT save one or two seconds.
Chars per words: 3.64189189189 3.80514564318 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.48791127476 3.525876923 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 1.5334563289 1.79077849142 86% => OK
Unique words: 95.0 93.7148594378 101% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.641891891892 0.604071249207 106% => OK
Syllable count: 176.4 185.844578313 95% => OK
Avg_syllables_per_word: 1.2 1.19417670683 100% => OK
Performance on coherence:
Topic speech coherence ratio: 0.0 0.0650381309087 0% => It may have issues on recording quality or the content is not so closely related to content.
Acoustic performance on paragraphs:
How many acoustic paragraphs: 6.0 4.35341365462 138% => OK
Average paragraph length: 24.6666666667 68.503853103 36% => The average paragraph length is low.
STD paragraph length: 8.27982823225 21.3332995233 39% => OK
Average paragraph duration: 9.82666666667 25.9943957902 38% => The speaking content is not well organized.
STD paragraph duration: 3.42905072708 7.84667146824 44% => OK
Acoustic performance on sentences:
How many acoustic sentences: 40.0 42.0642570281 95% => OK
Average acoustic sentence length: 3.7 4.02192344571 92% => OK
STD acoustic sentence length: 2.84780617318 3.1217529195 91% => OK
Average acoustic sentences duration: 1.41425 1.45093177766 97% => OK
STD acoustic sentences duration: 0.972951405518 0.99851816184 97% => OK
Acoustic performance on acoustic silence:(An acoustic silence means a little pause between two or more words)
How many acoustic silence: 42.0 39.0421686747 108% => OK
Total acoustic silence duration: 6.45 7.12997991968 90% => OK
Average acoustic silence duration: 0.153571428571 0.185688545393 83% => OK
STD acoustic silence duration: 0.174912514575 0.155154303396 113% => OK
Acoustic performance on acoustic words:
Total word duration: 48.39 47.1480722892 103% => OK
Average word duration: 0.326959459459 0.305395592593 107% => OK
STD word duration: 0.207030676614 0.189427763521 109% => OK
Disfluencies: like hesitations, or 'ehn' or taking a long time to pronounce a word:
How many disfluencies: 13.0 7.94979919679 164% => It may have 'ehn' in the speaking, or it has hesitations or overlapping speeches.
Total_disfluencies_duration: 10.7 6.2937751004 170% => Somehow the hesitation is serious.
Total acoustic noise duration: 2.15 3.39508032129 63% => OK
Acoustic rates:
Total speech duration: 58.96 59.7592369478 99% => OK
Compare to expected duration: 0.982666666667 0.995987282463 99% => OK
Rate of silence: 0.712347354138 0.656000678711 109% => OK
Rate of speech: 2.51017639077 2.60215298798 96% => OK
Rate of speech by unique words: 1.61126187246 1.56821927147 103% => OK
Rate of word duration by unique words: 1.9632155404 1.99336655568 98% => OK
Average articulation rates: 0.280397222973 0.317803793328 88% => OK
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Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by speech e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the speech e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas.