Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds “quackers” (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines’ sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds.
The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female ocra whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a male are similar to those that the submarines were detecting.
A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squids are gaint marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity.
A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from some military technology, like another country’s submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectable by sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.
The reading claims that the source of sound called 'quackers' maybe whales or giant squid or some military technology like submarines. However, the lecturer finds all the ideas dubius and provide some evidence to refute them all.
The reading argues that quackers was the sound of male and female orca whales during a courtship ritual. On the contrary, the professor brings up the idea that orcas live near the surface of water but submarines patrol deep in ocean and the could not hear the sound from the surface of water.
Furthermore, the author holds the view that quackers could be produced by giant squid which approached the submarines out of curiosity. In contrast, the lectrurer underlines the fact that giant squid have been living in ocean from past up to now, but the quacker was heard only from 1960 to 1980, if it was produces by these animals, it wouldn't start and stop suddenly and would continue so far.
Finally, the reading asserts that quacker could be sound of other foreign submarines or military technology patrolling secretly. Conversely, the speaker dismiss this issue due to the fact that submarines cannot move quickly and change direcction so fast. Besides that the engine make some noises. The technology has not yet improved too much to manufacture submarines which move fast with silent motors .
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 338, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wouldn't
...if it was produces by these animals, it wouldnt start and stop suddenly and would conti...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 403, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...rines which move fast with silent motors .
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
besides, but, conversely, finally, furthermore, however, if, may, so, in contrast, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1114.0 1373.03311258 81% => OK
No of words: 221.0 270.72406181 82% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.0407239819 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.85565412703 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.42690396098 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.606334841629 0.540411800872 112% => OK
syllable_count: 333.9 419.366225166 80% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 55.0959163641 49.2860985944 112% => OK
Chars per sentence: 111.4 110.228320801 101% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.1 21.698381199 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.8 7.06452816374 139% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.137022560405 0.272083759551 50% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0482421078643 0.0996497079465 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0384398371557 0.0662205650399 58% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0762025628861 0.162205337803 47% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0361119994068 0.0443174109184 81% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.4 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.95 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.16 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 48.0 63.6247240618 75% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.