Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds “quackers” (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines’ sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds. The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female ocras whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a male are similar to those that the submarines were detecting. A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squids are gaint marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity. A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from some military technology, like another country’s submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectable by sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.
According to the article, there was a strange noise “quackers” that had been detected by Russian submarines between the 1960s and 1980s. The article suggests three theories behind the source of the sound. However, the professor in the lecture argues about these suggestions and thinking that they are not convincing at a certain level.
First, the article states the first theory of the sound is that the sound is properly related to orca mating near the submarine location. In contrary, the professor opposes this statement by saying that it is unlikely true. In fact, orcas live near the water surface where the submarine was far away from.
Secondly, the article claims that the second theory could be related to giant squids. Because squids do not have bones, the sonar did not detect its movement. On the other hand, the professor in the lecture disagrees with this point by showing that the sound lasted from the 1960s till 1980, and after that, the sound stopped and disappeared. So, she questions if the sound was disappeared after that time, why the giant squids did not?.
Finally, the article mentions the third theory and that is related to the presence of foreign hidden submarine from another country that could produce this sound. Nevertheless, the professor debunks this theory by demonstrating that the sound was moving fast and it is unusual for submarines to move fast. She added that until today there are not any technology that can help submarines to move rapidly. Therefore, the sound might not be related to foreign submarines.
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| 2022-12-25 | nikki07hung | 61 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 470, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...t not be related to foreign submarines.
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, however, if, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, therefore, third, in fact, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1314.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 259.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 5.07335907336 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.01166760082 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.58216594823 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 144.0 145.348785872 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.555984555985 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 387.0 419.366225166 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 37.2301857999 49.2860985944 76% => OK
Chars per sentence: 93.8571428571 110.228320801 85% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.5 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.78571428571 7.06452816374 110% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.115801534044 0.272083759551 43% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0398258315736 0.0996497079465 40% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0466101201005 0.0662205650399 70% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0771470491835 0.162205337803 48% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0464377700923 0.0443174109184 105% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.7 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.13 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.94 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.