Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
In this set of materials, the reading passage claims that there are some serious problems on the way to send humans to Mars. However, the lecturer believes that scientists found solutions for all problems and he refutes all the problems. So, none of the concerns is convincing.
First of all, the article states that for two years round trip to Mars, the capacity of space vehicles is not enough to carry sufficient food, water and oxygen supplies. In contrast, the professor asserts that hydroponics technique enables astronomers to grow plants in water instead of soil. It is suitable for little space and provides them clean water to consume it as drinking water. Also they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen which make the air fresh for breathing. On the other hand, they are a good sources of food. Hence, it is no longer a big issue to finish food or water in space vehicles.
Furthermore, it is mentioned in the passage that zero gravity environment causes severe negative effect on muscles and bones. On the contrary, the professor contends that if astronomers use some techniques, they can manage it. For example, regular exercises and taking minerals such as Calcium help them to counteract the effects of gravity. Therefore, health issues can be solved easily.
Finally, the reading explains that dangerous levels of space radiation which are emitted by the Sun creates a lot of adverse consequences. Conversely, the professor argues that the radiation does not happen constantly and it is occasionally when the Sun is active. If the spaceship is equipped with shield, which is not heavy, people can stay in small shield area until the danger is passed.
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| 2020-01-20 | f.jafary66@gmail.com | 80 | view |
| 2020-01-18 | naziii | 3 | view |
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- TPO27 - Integrated TOEFL essay 82
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- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement If people have the opportunity to get a secure job they should take it right away rather than wait for a job that would be more satisfying Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 93
- TPO25 – Independent: A/D? Young people nowadays do not give enough time to help their communities. 82
- When people need to complain about a product or poor service, some prefer to complain in writing and others prefer to complain in person. Which way do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 80
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 389, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Also,
... water to consume it as drinking water. Also they absorb carbon dioxide and release ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, so, therefore, for example, in contrast, such as, first of all, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1401.0 1373.03311258 102% => OK
No of words: 279.0 270.72406181 103% => OK
Chars per words: 5.02150537634 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.08696624509 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61637452498 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 174.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.623655913978 0.540411800872 115% => OK
syllable_count: 430.2 419.366225166 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 34.5190164982 49.2860985944 70% => OK
Chars per sentence: 87.5625 110.228320801 79% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.4375 21.698381199 80% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.3125 7.06452816374 146% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0156309277522 0.272083759551 6% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.00468402596457 0.0996497079465 5% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0133656625369 0.0662205650399 20% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0118595977158 0.162205337803 7% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0205414258011 0.0443174109184 46% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.9 13.3589403974 82% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.54 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.4 8.42419426049 112% => OK
difficult_words: 87.0 63.6247240618 137% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.