TPO 33 writing Integrated
Carved stone balls are a curious type of artifact found at a number of locations in Scotland. They date from the late Neolithic period, around 4,000 years ago. They are round in shape; they were carved from several types of stone; most are about 70 mm in diameter, and many are ornamented to some degree. Archaeologists do not agree about their purpose and meaning, but there are several theories.
The reading discusses several theories about the purposes and functions of the carved stone ball, a mysterious kind of artifact found in several places of Scotland. However, the lecturer finds the ideas dubious and casts doubt on each theory proposed by the reading passage.
First, the author argues that the carved stone balls could have been weapons used in hunting or fighting, in which a cord passing through their holes would have made it possible to swing or throw them. Conversely, the lecturer brings up the idea that if these artifacts were weapons, they should have been cracked into pieces or showed signs of wear. But, the evidence indicates no sign of damage, since the surfaces are well-preserved and did not exhibit damage or wear. Therefore, the discovered artifacts could not have been used as weapons.
Furthermore, the reading passage holds the view that according to the uniform size of carved stone balls, they could have been functioned as part of a primitive system of measurement. On the contrary, the professor underlines the fact that although the balls are uniform in size, their masses are different. Because they are made of different stones with different density. Therefore, it's not possible that they were used as parts of a primitive system of weights and measures.
Finally, the reading asserts that due to their precise design, the carved stone balls could have served a marker for social status. In contrast, the speaker dismisses the issue due to the fact that not all discovered stone balls have intricate designs and some of them have only simple marks. Therefore, they could not have represented high social positions. Moreover, if these balls were parts of their owners' possessions, they should have been buried with the owners in graves. But, no stone ball has been found in graves. Therefore, they could not be considered pieces of personal possession to mark social status.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 264, Rule ID: ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE[1]
Message: A more concise phrase may lose no meaning and sound more powerful.
Suggestion: uniform
...es the fact that although the balls are uniform in size, their masses are different. Because th...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 309, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Because” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...rm in size, their masses are different. Because they are made of different stones with ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, moreover, so, therefore, well, in contrast, kind of, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1605.0 1373.03311258 117% => OK
No of words: 315.0 270.72406181 116% => OK
Chars per words: 5.09523809524 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.21286593061 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.49773694498 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 161.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.511111111111 0.540411800872 95% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 485.1 419.366225166 116% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 42.2535131675 49.2860985944 86% => OK
Chars per sentence: 100.3125 110.228320801 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.6875 21.698381199 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.9375 7.06452816374 112% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.514457069865 0.272083759551 189% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.171661551614 0.0996497079465 172% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0924230382906 0.0662205650399 140% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.306034420518 0.162205337803 189% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0760753713764 0.0443174109184 172% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 13.3589403974 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.3 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.29 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.