The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake. The level of salt in the lake's water—what scientists call its salinity—has been increasing steadily for years because the lake's water is evaporating faster than it is being replaced by rainfall or rivers. If the trend continues, the lake's water will soon become so salty that the lake will be unable to support fish and bird populations. The lake would then become essentially a dead zone. Fortunately, there are several ways to reverse the trend that is threatening the lake's health.
One option is direct removal of salt from the lake's water in special desalination facilities. Water from the lake would be pumped into the facilities and heated. This would cause the water to evaporate into steam, while salt and other materials dissolved in the water would be left behind. The steam would then be cooled down and returned to the lake as salt-free water. Gradually, the high salt levels would be reduced and the lake’s overall health would be restored.
Another possible solution is to dilute the salt level in the lake with water from the ocean. Since water in the Pacific Ocean is 20 percent less salty than water in the lake, bringing ocean water into the lake would decrease the lake’s salinity. The ocean water could be delivered through pipelines or canals.
Yet another solution would be to control the lake's salinity by constructing walls to divide the lake into several sections. In the smaller sections, salinity would be allowed to increase. However, in the main and largest section, salinity would be reduced and controlled by, among other things, directing all the freshwater from small rivers in the area to flow into that main section of the lake.
题目音频：
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00:00/02:15收起原文
Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
It would be great if we could stop the lake salt level from increasing and save its fish and bird populations. But the solutions you just read about aren't realistic or practical.
First, sure, taking salt out of the lake by desalination would reduce salinity, but it would present some serious problems as well. For example, as you've read, water pumped into desalination facilities evaporates and leaves behind solid materials that would dissolve in the water. Well, the solid materials that desalination facilities leave behind would pose a health risk. The materials will be mostly salt, but they would also include other types of chemicals. Some of the chemicals would be toxic, like selenium. If the wind spread selenium and other chemicals into the air and people breathe them in, that would be very dangerous to people's health.
Second, the idea of bringing ocean water into the lake, again, this would reduce salinity. But as you've read, it would require constructing pipelines or canals. The problem is that the local government may not have enough resources to pay for such major construction. The nearest shoreline of the Pacific Ocean is 100 kilometers away. Pipelines and canals are very expensive to build over such long distances.
As for the third solution, dividing the lake into sections by building a system of walls. Well, that's unlikely to work for very long. That's because the Salton Seas is located in a region that experiences frequent and sometimes intense geological activity, like earthquakes. That activity would almost certainly destroy the walls separating the different sections. So while this solution might work for a short while, the walls would likely collapse the first time there is a major earthquake. And water from the special sections with high salinity would mix back in with the low-salinity salinity from the main section.
The reading passage provides three methods to reduce the salinity of the Salton Sea. However, the professor claims that the ways stated in the passage are not realistic or practical and refutes each of them using the following points.
First, she argues that if we take out salt using desalination facilities, the lake's salinity would decrease, but it would cause some new problems. the water would be pumped and evaporated and as a result, it leaves behind some solid materials in addition to salt. Some of these solid materials would pose health risks because they contain toxic chemicals such as Selenium which would be dangerous in case of breathing.
Second, the speaker points out that although bringing water from the ocean would decrease the lake's salinity, it requires long pipelines and channels. The ocean is one hundred kilometers away and the local goverment does not have enough resources to support the plan. The piplines would be too expensive to build.
Third, the lecturer mentions that walls are unlikely to work long because the region experiences frequent and sometimes intensive geological activities such as earthquakes. According to the professor, if for example an earthquake occurs, walls will be destroyed and collapse. Therefore, water with high salinity will be mixed with water with low salinity.
- The reading passage provides three methods to reduce the salinity of the Salton Sea. However, the professor claims that the ways stated in the passage are not realistic or practical and refutes each of them using the following points.First, she argues tha 80
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 79, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lakes'' or 'lake's'?
Suggestion: lakes'; lake's
...salt using desalination facilities, the lakes salinity would decrease, but it would c...
^^^^^
Line 2, column 147, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
..., but it would cause some new problems. the water would be pumped and evaporated an...
^^^
Line 3, column 95, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lakes'' or 'lake's'?
Suggestion: lakes'; lake's
...water from the ocean would decrease the lakes salinity, it requires long pipelines an...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, if, second, so, therefore, third, for example, in addition, such as, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 12.0 22.412803532 54% => OK
Preposition: 19.0 30.3222958057 63% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1117.0 1373.03311258 81% => OK
No of words: 213.0 270.72406181 79% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.2441314554 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.82027741392 4.04702891845 94% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57111594823 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 138.0 145.348785872 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.647887323944 0.540411800872 120% => OK
syllable_count: 345.6 419.366225166 82% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 37.210147021 49.2860985944 75% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.545454545 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.3636363636 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.18181818182 7.06452816374 130% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.175884906567 0.272083759551 65% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0607220787446 0.0996497079465 61% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0446729638018 0.0662205650399 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0895815931017 0.162205337803 55% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0262238029478 0.0443174109184 59% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.9 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.11 12.2367328918 107% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.47 8.42419426049 112% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.