Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns presented in the reading passage.
Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth’s magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
The lecture challenge the specific arguments presented in the reading passage basically on these following points.
At very fist, to solve the problem of needed supplies, the professor brings up that a special kind of plants which are able to survive in the spaceship with no soil can perfectly manege the requirements of food, water, and oxygen. Due to the easily growing of the plants, astronauts are allowed to gain foods from cultivating them conveniently, what`s more, they also play a role in recycling water. Besides, as we all know plants absorb the carbon dioxide and release the oxygen, in this case, everything about supplies are solved.
Second, for the long time trip in zero-gravity environment, the professor argues that by well trained astronauts will not face this type of problem, because by learning to use proper equipment, regular exercise can reduce the lose of muscle mass, meanwhile some vitamin does help with lower bone density.
And for the last concerns about the space radiation, it turn out that the Sun only radiate is occasionally, not all the time, so that scientists can solve this problem through building less shield for the spaceship and stall a detective machine in it. When at normal time, astronauts are safe to work as usual, since the machine find the radiation, going back to the small shield to get cover. Then additional weight is avoided.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-08-18 | YIngxin Zhang | 3 | view |
| 2020-03-23 | Harperchan1997 | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 13, Rule ID: MASS_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error - use third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: 'challenges'.
Suggestion: challenges
The lecture challenge the specific arguments presented in the...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 223, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
... equipment, regular exercise can reduce the lose of muscle mass, meanwhile some vitamin ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 57, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'turns'?
Suggestion: turns
... concerns about the space radiation, it turn out that the Sun only radiate is occasi...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, besides, if, second, so, then, well, while, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1162.0 1373.03311258 85% => OK
No of words: 231.0 270.72406181 85% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.0303030303 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.89854898053 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62108968367 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 145.348785872 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.679653679654 0.540411800872 126% => OK
syllable_count: 359.1 419.366225166 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 3.0 8.23620309051 36% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 1.25165562914 399% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 13.0662251656 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 28.0 21.2450331126 132% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 80.6209301298 49.2860985944 164% => OK
Chars per sentence: 145.25 110.228320801 132% => OK
Words per sentence: 28.875 21.698381199 133% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.125 7.06452816374 101% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0573645801215 0.272083759551 21% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0296423208174 0.0996497079465 30% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0577688222839 0.0662205650399 87% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0541054095982 0.162205337803 33% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0724885584905 0.0443174109184 164% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.7 13.3589403974 125% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.06 53.8541721854 80% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.2 11.0289183223 129% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.49 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.4 8.42419426049 112% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.2 10.498013245 126% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.