The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
"In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
Laboratory studies revealed that using UltraClean could reduce the bactera population by a whooping 40%. And subsequent tests also revealed that, upon the use of UltraClean there were a fewer reported cases of patient infection. Due to the combined positive results of these tests and studies, the Director suggested using UltraClean in all their hand-washing stations through out the hospital system. Although, this argument appears to be apt and adequate, there are some serious unwarranted flaws which could prove devastating.
Upon scrutinizing the argument, it can be seen that the laboratory studies account for reduction of only 40% of the bacterial population. There may be many other liquid hand wash companies out there in the market, who are producing hand wash or sanitiziers that are proved to remove more than 40% of the bacteria present. It is subtly assumed that, there are no other hand wash which is better than the specified group of hospitals. This assumption if proved correct could be fatal to all the people that are using the hand wash.
Furthermore, the argument does not specify how healthy the individuals are, at the time of conducting the test. It could be that most of the percentage of people chosen for the test were already fit and in good health. It might be that they were having a healthy diet in their daily life. And they are already immune to most of the infections. So, the argument assumes that all the people chosen for the test were normal people, suffering from few infections.
If this assumption was to prove unwarranted and UltraClean hand wash was supplied to all the people working in the hospital, it could be dangerous.
Moreover, only few cases were reported, out of all the patients tested, some of them could have used other medicines to counteract the side effects and these were not detected by the testing individuals. Additionally, statistics for the number of people tested have not been submitted. It could be that only a meagre 50 people were tested and only a 10 of them were infected and the other 40 were not infected, this does not mean that UltraWash could be supplied to the hospital system and still only a few people would be infected. It is presumed that, because a few samples of the people from the hospital reported fewer infections doesn't necessarily mean that when UltraWash is used by many people in the hospital, still only a few would be infected.
To conclude, the above unwarranted arguments could prove to be an erroneous mistake.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-11-16 | Ellamina | 50 | view |
| 2021-07-29 | loveabby625 | 68 | view |
| 2020-11-06 | andromeda.supercluster | 72 | view |
| 2021-07-18 | souptikc80 | 58 | view |
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 19 15
No. of Words: 426 350
No. of Characters: 2040 1500
No. of Different Words: 183 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.543 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.789 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.561 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 135 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 104 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 79 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 46 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 22.421 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.593 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.474 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.322 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.56 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.112 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 370, Rule ID: THROUGH_OUT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'throughout'?
Suggestion: throughout
...lean in all their hand-washing stations through out the hospital system. Although, this arg...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 8, column 635, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
... the hospital reported fewer infections doesnt necessarily mean that when UltraWash is...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, furthermore, if, may, moreover, so, still, as to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 35.0 19.6327345309 178% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 12.9520958084 108% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 11.1786427146 98% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 13.6137724551 125% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 28.8173652695 111% => OK
Preposition: 45.0 55.5748502994 81% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 16.3942115768 61% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2102.0 2260.96107784 93% => OK
No of words: 425.0 441.139720559 96% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94588235294 5.12650576532 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.54043259262 4.56307096286 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.65270091517 2.78398813304 95% => OK
Unique words: 192.0 204.123752495 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.451764705882 0.468620217663 96% => OK
syllable_count: 649.8 705.55239521 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 4.96107784431 202% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 4.0 8.76447105788 46% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.70958083832 74% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 4.22255489022 118% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 19.7664670659 96% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 22.8473053892 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 50.9101103434 57.8364921388 88% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.631578947 119.503703932 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.3684210526 23.324526521 96% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.84210526316 5.70786347227 50% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.88822355289 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.67664670659 64% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.12312530078 0.218282227539 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.045348502024 0.0743258471296 61% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0544310899285 0.0701772020484 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0683527414641 0.128457276422 53% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0684840334196 0.0628817314937 109% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.1 14.3799401198 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 48.3550499002 119% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 12.197005988 88% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.73 12.5979740519 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.22 8.32208582834 99% => OK
difficult_words: 94.0 98.500998004 95% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 12.3882235529 93% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.1389221557 97% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.