Claim: No act is done purely for the benefit of others.
Reason: All actions — even those that seem to be done for other people — are based on self-interest.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
Motivation is a word to refer to the reason or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior, especially human behavior as studied in psychology and neuropsychology. What are the criteria to evaluate the motivation of actions that the people do? Some claim that no act is done purely for the benefit of others because that all actions-even those that seem to be done for other people-are based on self-interest. Although behaviors with selfish character are ubiquitous in many fields, such as in politics and technology areas, it is no doubt that plenty of people choose to act based on the benefit of a group rather than self-interest or even sacrifice themselves. Therefore, I strongly disagree with either the claim or the reason on which the claim is based.
In the first place, Sigmund Freud proposed three aspects of our personality structure that directly affect our decisions. The elements that Sigmund Freud talks about are the Id, Ego, and Super Ego. Charles Darwin offered perhaps even more powerful justification for the selfish behavior-the theory of natural selection. Aptly described as "survival of the fittest," Darwin's evolutionary account of biological diversity was a powerful story of adaptation through the continuous variation of traits and the selection of those that improved "fitness." Therefore, it is an instinct that the people decide to act based on their self-interest not only in daily life but in important circumstances. An appropriate example is not very far to seek. Steve Jobs, the entrepreneur and founder of Apple Inc. that manufactured the prevalent and popular Mac, iPod, and iPhone, the unbelievable scant share of Apple stock to his co-founders and partners when he wanted to control the company and exile his founders out the board. On the contrast, that he held a big share of Apple stock is considered as selfish and voracious. In such cases, selfish people always act based on Ego.
That being said, I must point out that human beings are a social animal and respond to external stimuli. Therefore, social norms determine to a large extent what can be or cannot be done. The reason why humans are a social species can be traced back to the ancient time when individuals were vulnerable to nature's elements. When they acted collectively, however, humans became stronger which substantially increased their chance of survival. Over time, being a part of a group or tribe became a survival advantage, with banishment often equaling demise. In this sense, one would face the risk of perishing alone if he or she defied social norms. Meanwhile, it is no surprise that human beings always act based on the priority of social and group benefit. To illustrate this point clearly, let us have a look at the following representative example. During the current pandemic COVID-19, thousands of doctors, nurses, and medical experts struggle with the virus on the frontline with the patient even if they are susceptible to the COVID-19 as well. Rather than unknowing the serious outcome of COVID-19 once being infected, the white-clothes angels fought against the illness with great valiance and braveness only because that they think about the social and group benefit.
Finally, if we switch our attention to the field of science, we find that actions based on altruism are much more universal. All that a great scientist should be equipped with is the potential or capability to devote himself or herself to the research and free from the material care. Marie Curie, who gained great achievement in Physics and won the Nobel Prize twice, is the exact example of the aforementioned great scientists who sacrificed herself to provide a significant benefit for the whole human being.
In conclusion, while I partly agree with the issue's reason, I reserve my approval of both the claim and its assumption. That is to say, even many people act only based on self-interest, but there are plenty of others choose to behave altruistically, even sacrifice themselves.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 175, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: I'd
... that Sigmund Freud talks about are the Id, Ego, and Super Ego. Charles Darwin off...
^^
Line 3, column 369, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , &apos
...scribed as 'survival of the fittest,' Darwins evolutionary account of biolog...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, look, so, therefore, well, while, in conclusion, no doubt, such as, in the first place, that is to say
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 31.0 19.5258426966 159% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 12.4196629213 48% => OK
Conjunction : 28.0 14.8657303371 188% => OK
Relative clauses : 25.0 11.3162921348 221% => Less relative clauses wanted (maybe 'which' is over used).
Pronoun: 53.0 33.0505617978 160% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 85.0 58.6224719101 145% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 12.9106741573 101% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 3376.0 2235.4752809 151% => OK
No of words: 656.0 442.535393258 148% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.14634146341 5.05705443957 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 5.06087906887 4.55969084622 111% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.94647244702 2.79657885939 105% => OK
Unique words: 345.0 215.323595506 160% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.525914634146 0.4932671777 107% => OK
syllable_count: 1062.0 704.065955056 151% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59117977528 101% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 11.0 6.24550561798 176% => OK
Article: 6.0 4.99550561798 120% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 3.10617977528 129% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.77640449438 225% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 9.0 4.38483146067 205% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 29.0 20.2370786517 143% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 23.0359550562 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 71.9373654106 60.3974514979 119% => OK
Chars per sentence: 116.413793103 118.986275619 98% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.6206896552 23.4991977007 96% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.68965517241 5.21951772744 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.97078651685 101% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 7.80617977528 26% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 14.0 10.2758426966 136% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 5.13820224719 156% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.83258426966 145% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.35878202057 0.243740707755 147% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0800423202385 0.0831039109588 96% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.119696942879 0.0758088955206 158% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.200178997359 0.150359130593 133% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.162775845164 0.0667264976115 244% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.1 14.1392134831 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 48.8420337079 101% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.92365168539 111% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.1743820225 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.89 12.1639044944 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.11 8.38706741573 109% => OK
difficult_words: 182.0 100.480337079 181% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 15.0 11.8971910112 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.2143820225 96% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.7820224719 127% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 30 minutes.
Rates: 83.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 5.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 175, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: I'd
... that Sigmund Freud talks about are the Id, Ego, and Super Ego. Charles Darwin off...
^^
Line 3, column 369, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , &apos
...scribed as 'survival of the fittest,' Darwins evolutionary account of biolog...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, look, so, therefore, well, while, in conclusion, no doubt, such as, in the first place, that is to say
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 31.0 19.5258426966 159% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 12.4196629213 48% => OK
Conjunction : 28.0 14.8657303371 188% => OK
Relative clauses : 25.0 11.3162921348 221% => Less relative clauses wanted (maybe 'which' is over used).
Pronoun: 53.0 33.0505617978 160% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 85.0 58.6224719101 145% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 12.9106741573 101% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 3376.0 2235.4752809 151% => OK
No of words: 656.0 442.535393258 148% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.14634146341 5.05705443957 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 5.06087906887 4.55969084622 111% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.94647244702 2.79657885939 105% => OK
Unique words: 345.0 215.323595506 160% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.525914634146 0.4932671777 107% => OK
syllable_count: 1062.0 704.065955056 151% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59117977528 101% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 11.0 6.24550561798 176% => OK
Article: 6.0 4.99550561798 120% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 3.10617977528 129% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.77640449438 225% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 9.0 4.38483146067 205% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 29.0 20.2370786517 143% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 23.0359550562 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 71.9373654106 60.3974514979 119% => OK
Chars per sentence: 116.413793103 118.986275619 98% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.6206896552 23.4991977007 96% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.68965517241 5.21951772744 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.97078651685 101% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 7.80617977528 26% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 14.0 10.2758426966 136% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 5.13820224719 156% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.83258426966 145% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.35878202057 0.243740707755 147% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0800423202385 0.0831039109588 96% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.119696942879 0.0758088955206 158% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.200178997359 0.150359130593 133% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.162775845164 0.0667264976115 244% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.1 14.1392134831 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 48.8420337079 101% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.92365168539 111% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.1743820225 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.89 12.1639044944 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.11 8.38706741573 109% => OK
difficult_words: 182.0 100.480337079 181% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 15.0 11.8971910112 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.2143820225 96% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.7820224719 127% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 30 minutes.
Rates: 83.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 5.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.